Question 1

Which of the following occurs when insulin molecules bind to their receptors on target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased mRNA synthesis in the target cells 
B)  minimal uptake of glucose by target cells 
C)  phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells 
D)  increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose 
E)  phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells and increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose 
A)  increased mRNA synthesis in the target cells 
B)  minimal uptake of glucose by target cells 
C)  phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells 
D)  increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose 
E)  phosphorylation of proteins in the plasma membrane in the target cells and increased numbers of active transport molecules for glucose

Question 2

-Based on these laboratory results, which patient is most likely to have the following pathological condition: proliferative tumor of anterior pituitary cells that produce TSH?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-Based on these laboratory results, which...

Question 3

Match the hormone with its appropriate function.
-TSH

Accepted Answer

A) stimulates synthesis of thyroid hormones 
B) increases adrenal cortex secretions 
C) development of immune system 
D) milk production 
E) decreases blood calcium levels 
A) stimulates synthesis of thyroid hormones 
B) increases adrenal cortex secretions 
C) development of immune system 
D) milk production 
E) decreases blood calcium levels

Question 4

Releasing hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  travel through axons to the posterior pituitary. 
B)  increase anterior pituitary secretion. 
C)  cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. 
D)  decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary. 
A)  travel through axons to the posterior pituitary. 
B)  increase anterior pituitary secretion. 
C)  cause action potentials to be generated by anterior pituitary cells. 
D)  decrease secretions of the anterior pituitary.

Question 5

Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  prolactin 
C)  FSH 
D)  ACTH 
E)  LH 
A)  ADH 
B)  prolactin 
C)  FSH 
D)  ACTH 
E)  LH

Question 6

A function of insulin is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. 
B)  decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues. 
C)  increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle. 
D)  increase breakdown of fats. 
E)  increase gluconeogenesis. 
A)  increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. 
B)  decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues. 
C)  increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle. 
D)  increase breakdown of fats. 
E)  increase gluconeogenesis.

Question 7

Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle?

Accepted Answer

A)  walls contain a single layer of parafollicular cells 
B)  center is called the isthmus 
C)  stores thyroid hormone 
D)  small capillary networks 
E)  spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells 
A)  walls contain a single layer of parafollicular cells 
B)  center is called the isthmus 
C)  stores thyroid hormone 
D)  small capillary networks 
E)  spheres with walls of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 8

Overall, PTH (parathyroid hormone) _____ blood phosphate levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  elevates 
D)  enhances 
E)  has no effect on 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  elevates 
D)  enhances 
E)  has no effect on

Question 9

The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids. 
B)  mineralocorticoids. 
C)  androgens. 
D)  catecholamines. 
E)  cortisol and ADH. 
A)  glucocorticoids. 
B)  mineralocorticoids. 
C)  androgens. 
D)  catecholamines. 
E)  cortisol and ADH.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct. 
B)  Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans. 
C)  The pancreas is located above the liver. 
D)  The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis. 
E)  Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini. 
A)  Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct. 
B)  Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans. 
C)  The pancreas is located above the liver. 
D)  The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis. 
E)  Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini.

Question 11

Which of the following glands is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal gland 
C)  pancreas 
D)  parathyroid gland 
E)  pituitary gland 
A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal gland 
C)  pancreas 
D)  parathyroid gland 
E)  pituitary gland

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT affect blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat content of a meal 
B)  gastrointestinal hormones 
C)  breakdown of glycogen 
D)  autonomic nervous system 
E)  protein content of a meal 
A)  fat content of a meal 
B)  gastrointestinal hormones 
C)  breakdown of glycogen 
D)  autonomic nervous system 
E)  protein content of a meal

Question 13

-Label part "D" on the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A)  optic chiasm 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  infundibulum 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  posterior pituitary 
A)  optic chiasm 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  infundibulum 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  posterior pituitary

Question 14

Adrenal androgens

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced in the adrenal medulla. 
B)  stimulate growth of pubic hair in females. 
C)  reduce the inflammatory response. 
D)  cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney. 
E)  decrease the sex drive. 
A)  are produced in the adrenal medulla. 
B)  stimulate growth of pubic hair in females. 
C)  reduce the inflammatory response. 
D)  cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney. 
E)  decrease the sex drive.

Question 15

What is the function of thymosin?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulates metabolism 
B)  development and maturation of the immune system 
C)  regulates sleep cycles 
D)  development and maturation of the adrenal glands 
A)  regulates metabolism 
B)  development and maturation of the immune system 
C)  regulates sleep cycles 
D)  development and maturation of the adrenal glands

Question 16

Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos?

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  estrogen 
C)  cortisol 
D)  thyroid hormone 
E)  growth hormone 
A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  estrogen 
C)  cortisol 
D)  thyroid hormone 
E)  growth hormone

Question 17

Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid 
B)  blood 
C)  pancreas 
D)  small intestine 
E)  stomach 
A)  thyroid 
B)  blood 
C)  pancreas 
D)  small intestine 
E)  stomach

Question 18

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output. 
B)  constriction of blood vessels. 
C)  increased potassium secretion by the kidneys. 
D)  decreased sodium retention by the kidneys. 
E)  dilation of blood vessels. 
A)  increased urine output. 
B)  constriction of blood vessels. 
C)  increased potassium secretion by the kidneys. 
D)  decreased sodium retention by the kidneys. 
E)  dilation of blood vessels.

Question 19

Match the pathological condition with its cause.
-Addison's disease

Accepted Answer

A) decreased amounts of thyroid hormone 
B) increased amounts of thyroid hormone 
C) abnormally low levels of aldosterone and cortisol 
D) increased levels of growth hormone in adults 
E) lack of ADH 
A) decreased amounts of thyroid hormone 
B) increased amounts of thyroid hormone 
C) abnormally low levels of aldosterone and cortisol 
D) increased levels of growth hormone in adults 
E) lack of ADH

Question 20

John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are

Accepted Answer

A)  lower in the winter to conserve body heat. 
B)  higher in the winter to increase body temperature. 
C)  lowered in the summer after his job to decrease body temperature. 
D)  increased in the summer after his job to increase body temperature. 
E)  unaffected by his job. 
A)  lower in the winter to conserve body heat. 
B)  higher in the winter to increase body temperature. 
C)  lowered in the summer after his job to decrease body temperature. 
D)  increased in the summer after his job to increase body temperature. 
E)  unaffected by his job.

Exam 18: Endocrine Glands

Which of the following occurs when insulin molecules bind to their receptors on target cells?

-Based on these laboratory results, which patient is most likely to have the following pathological condition: proliferative tumor of anterior pituitary cells that produce TSH?

Match the hormone with its appropriate function. -TSH

Releasing hormones

Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary?

A function of insulin is to

Which of the following would apply to the description of a thyroid follicle?

Overall, PTH (parathyroid hormone) _____ blood phosphate levels.

The major secretory products of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are

Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true?

Which of the following glands is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

Which of the following would NOT affect blood glucose levels?

-Label part "D" on the diagram.

Adrenal androgens

What is the function of thymosin?

Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos?

Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes

Match the pathological condition with its cause. -Addison's disease

John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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