Question 1

Zimbardo, at the end of the Stanford Prison study, concluded that ____________________ can lead normal, decent people to engage in sinister ways.

Accepted Answer

situationa

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a factor that reduces social loafing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the group is large 
B)  the group is cohesive 
C)  individuals believe that excellent group performance will lead to a valued outcome 
D)  individual contributions to the group effort are readily identifiable 
A)  the group is large 
B)  the group is cohesive 
C)  individuals believe that excellent group performance will lead to a valued outcome 
D)  individual contributions to the group effort are readily identifiable

Question 3

When group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction, it is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  group conformity. 
D)  groupthink. 
A)  group polarization. 
B)  group cohesiveness. 
C)  group conformity. 
D)  groupthink.

Question 4

A man who believes that "women just don't make good leaders" may dwell on his female supervisor's mistakes and quickly forget about her achievements. This scenario illustrates which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive attribution 
B)  the illusory correlation effect 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  the bystander effect 
A)  defensive attribution 
B)  the illusory correlation effect 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  the bystander effect

Question 5

According to the elaboration likelihood model, TV advertisements for Excedrin that describe the effectiveness of the product on combating headache pain are using the central route.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the Stanford Prison study, the "guards" routinely

Accepted Answer

A)  became malicious and abusive in fulfilling their responsibilities. 
B)  became withdrawn and had to be forced to fulfill their roles. 
C)  resisted the demands of the researchers to play a role of a malicious and abusive person. 
D)  used physical punishment on their "prisoners." 
A)  became malicious and abusive in fulfilling their responsibilities. 
B)  became withdrawn and had to be forced to fulfill their roles. 
C)  resisted the demands of the researchers to play a role of a malicious and abusive person. 
D)  used physical punishment on their "prisoners."

Question 7

How could you explain the matching hypothesis in terms of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A simple explanation is that if someone

Question 8

Which of the following social influence techniques involves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed?

Accepted Answer

A)  lowball technique 
B)  highball technique 
C)  reciprocity norm 
D)  foot-in-the-door technique 
A)  lowball technique 
B)  highball technique 
C)  reciprocity norm 
D)  foot-in-the-door technique

Question 9

Evidence from numerous studies of the bystander effect suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a widespread phenomenon. 
B)  it is limited to contrived laboratory situations. 
C)  it occurs only in urban ghetto areas. 
D)  there is much truth to the old saying that "there is safety in numbers." 
A)  it is a widespread phenomenon. 
B)  it is limited to contrived laboratory situations. 
C)  it occurs only in urban ghetto areas. 
D)  there is much truth to the old saying that "there is safety in numbers."

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary features of a group?

Accepted Answer

A)  most groups have eligibility requirements 
B)  most groups have a power structure 
C)  most groups have a communication structure 
D)  most groups have norms 
A)  most groups have eligibility requirements 
B)  most groups have a power structure 
C)  most groups have a communication structure 
D)  most groups have norms

Question 11

In his research on conformity in making perceptual judgments, Asch found that

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity did not change much with group size. 
B)  group size affected conformity, but unanimity did not. 
C)  increasing group size reduced conformity. 
D)  both group size and unanimity affected the degree of conformity. 
A)  conformity did not change much with group size. 
B)  group size affected conformity, but unanimity did not. 
C)  increasing group size reduced conformity. 
D)  both group size and unanimity affected the degree of conformity.

Question 12

Conformity occurs when people change their behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  as a result of positive reinforcement. 
B)  as a result of negative reinforcement. 
C)  after observing a model being reinforced for a particular response. 
D)  in response to real or imagined social pressure. 
A)  as a result of positive reinforcement. 
B)  as a result of negative reinforcement. 
C)  after observing a model being reinforced for a particular response. 
D)  in response to real or imagined social pressure.

Question 13

Milgram's research was criticized as being flawed since subjects in a psychology experiment generally expect to obey the requests of the researcher. Thus, critics thought the results could not be generalized to the real world. Milgram responded to this criticism by

Accepted Answer

A)  admitting his procedure was flawed and his results were not relevant to the real world. 
B)  admitting his procedure was flawed, but he still believed his results were relevant to the real world. 
C)  arguing that his research could be generalized to the real world since in the real world people also generally expect to obey the requests of others in positions of authority. 
D)  arguing that his research could be generalized to the real world since he employed a dependent variable. 
A)  admitting his procedure was flawed and his results were not relevant to the real world. 
B)  admitting his procedure was flawed, but he still believed his results were relevant to the real world. 
C)  arguing that his research could be generalized to the real world since in the real world people also generally expect to obey the requests of others in positions of authority. 
D)  arguing that his research could be generalized to the real world since he employed a dependent variable.

Question 14

The bystander effect is the finding that

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability that a witness to an emergency will help increases as the number of bystanders increases. 
B)  a group of witnesses to an emergency will all tend to cooperate to provide help. 
C)  the probability that a witness to an emergency will help decreases as the number of bystanders increases. 
D)  bystanders' willingness to help depends on the seriousness of the emergency. 
A)  the probability that a witness to an emergency will help increases as the number of bystanders increases. 
B)  a group of witnesses to an emergency will all tend to cooperate to provide help. 
C)  the probability that a witness to an emergency will help decreases as the number of bystanders increases. 
D)  bystanders' willingness to help depends on the seriousness of the emergency.

Question 15

The NASA personnel who were in charge of the space shuttle launch had clear evidence that freezing temperatures could pose a problem for the shuttle, but they chose to ignore the evidence and proceeded with the launch anyway. The process that would BEST explain why the launch went ahead, even though there was evidence that indicated it should be delayed, is

Accepted Answer

A)  group polarization. 
B)  reciprocity. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  collectivism. 
A)  group polarization. 
B)  reciprocity. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  collectivism.

Question 16

Asch found that two key factors influencing conformity were

Accepted Answer

A)  group size and task difficulty. 
B)  group size and group unanimity. 
C)  the sex of group members and group unanimity. 
D)  the sex of group members and task difficulty. 
A)  group size and task difficulty. 
B)  group size and group unanimity. 
C)  the sex of group members and group unanimity. 
D)  the sex of group members and task difficulty.

Question 17

Advertisements that include phrases like "limited supply available" or "for a limited time only" are making use of which of the following social influence techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  feigned scarcity 
B)  lowball technique 
C)  foot-in-the-door technique 
D)  reciprocity norm 
A)  feigned scarcity 
B)  lowball technique 
C)  foot-in-the-door technique 
D)  reciprocity norm

Question 18

The fact that cross-culturally social behavior has been shown to be characterized both by variance and similarity illustrates which of your textbooks unifying themes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychology is theoretically diverse. 
B)  Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage. 
C)  Psychology is empirical. 
D)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
A)  Psychology is theoretically diverse. 
B)  Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage. 
C)  Psychology is empirical. 
D)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Question 19

A group of six college students observe a fellow student stumble and fall down a flight of stairs. No one goes to check to see if the student needs help. Which of the following statements BEST illustrates diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I didn't want to embarrass the student who fell by making a big deal about it" 
B)  "I was pretty far away when it happened" 
C)  "I don't know first aid" 
D)  "I thought someone else would go help" 
A)  "I didn't want to embarrass the student who fell by making a big deal about it" 
B)  "I was pretty far away when it happened" 
C)  "I don't know first aid" 
D)  "I thought someone else would go help"

Question 20

Observers tend to favor ____ attributions about the success of males; observers tend to favor ____ attributions about the success of females.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal; external 
B)  internal; internal 
C)  external; internal 
D)  external; external 
A)  internal; external 
B)  internal; internal 
C)  external; internal 
D)  external; external

Exam 32: Social Behavior Part 2

Zimbardo, at the end of the Stanford Prison study, concluded that ____________________ can lead normal, decent people to engage in sinister ways.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that reduces social loafing?

When group discussion strengthens a group's dominant point of view and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction, it is referred to as

A man who believes that "women just don't make good leaders" may dwell on his female supervisor's mistakes and quickly forget about her achievements. This scenario illustrates which of the following concepts?

According to the elaboration likelihood model, TV advertisements for Excedrin that describe the effectiveness of the product on combating headache pain are using the central route.

In the Stanford Prison study, the "guards" routinely

How could you explain the matching hypothesis in terms of operant conditioning?

Which of the following social influence techniques involves getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed?

Evidence from numerous studies of the bystander effect suggests that

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary features of a group?

In his research on conformity in making perceptual judgments, Asch found that

Conformity occurs when people change their behavior

Milgram's research was criticized as being flawed since subjects in a psychology experiment generally expect to obey the requests of the researcher. Thus, critics thought the results could not be generalized to the real world. Milgram responded to this criticism by

The bystander effect is the finding that

Asch found that two key factors influencing conformity were

Advertisements that include phrases like "limited supply available" or "for a limited time only" are making use of which of the following social influence techniques?

The fact that cross-culturally social behavior has been shown to be characterized both by variance and similarity illustrates which of your textbooks unifying themes?

A group of six college students observe a fellow student stumble and fall down a flight of stairs. No one goes to check to see if the student needs help. Which of the following statements BEST illustrates diffusion of responsibility?

Observers tend to favor ____ attributions about the success of males; observers tend to favor ____ attributions about the success of females.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

Observers tend to favor attributions about the success of males; observers tend to favor attributions about the success of females.