Question 1

Which type of radiation is the least dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

A) Positrons 
B) Neutrons 
C) Alpha 
D) Beta 
E) Gamma 
A) Positrons 
B) Neutrons 
C) Alpha 
D) Beta 
E) Gamma

Question 2

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Positron 
D) Beta particle 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Positron 
D) Beta particle 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) (18O) 
B) (131I) 
C) (123I) 
D) (24Na) 
E) (99Tc) 
A) (18O) 
B) (131I) 
C) (123I) 
D) (24Na) 
E) (99Tc)

Question 4

The 14C activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon.If present-day plant life shows 15 dpm/g,how old is the Peruvian corn? (The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr.)

Accepted Answer

A) 1460 yr 
B) 1910 yr 
C) 3350 yr 
D) 3820 yr 
E) 9080 yr 
A) 1460 yr 
B) 1910 yr 
C) 3350 yr 
D) 3820 yr 
E) 9080 yr

Question 5

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238.Of these,the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is used to image the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) (18O) 
B) (131I) 
C) (123I) 
D) (24Na) 
E) (99Tc) 
A) (18O) 
B) (131I) 
C) (123I) 
D) (24Na) 
E) (99Tc)

Question 7

In the following diagrams,A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope,X.Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0:   t = 25.0 s:   What is the half-life of A?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.25 s 
B) 18.8 s 
C) 25.0 s 
D) 50.0 s 
E) 60.2 s 
A) 6.25 s 
B) 18.8 s 
C) 25.0 s 
D) 50.0 s 
E) 60.2 s

Question 8

What is the name for the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the minimum...

Question 9

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 234Th → ? + beta particle

Accepted Answer

A) Ac-234 
B) Pa-234 
C) Ac-235 
D) Pa-235 
E) Ac-233 
A) Ac-234 
B) Pa-234 
C) Ac-235 
D) Pa-235 
E) Ac-233

Question 10

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

Accepted Answer

A) Protons 
B) Neutrons 
C) Alpha 
D) Beta 
E) Gamma 
A) Protons 
B) Neutrons 
C) Alpha 
D) Beta 
E) Gamma

Question 12

What role does cadmium metal (Cd)play in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

A) Slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B) Transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C) Controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D) Transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E) Undergoes fission (fuel rods) 
A) Slows down the fission neutrons (moderator) 
B) Transfers heat from the reactor to the heat exchanger (primary coolant) 
C) Controls chain reaction (control rods) 
D) Transfers heat from the condenser to the environment (cooling tower) 
E) Undergoes fission (fuel rods)

Question 13

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons,neutrons,and electrons is called the ___________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between the mass of an...

Question 14

A patient's thyroid gland is to be exposed to an average of 5.5 μCi for 16 days as an ingested sample of iodine-131 decays.If the energy of the β radiation is 9.7 × 10-14 J and the mass of the thyroid is 32.0 g,what is the dose received by the patient? (1 rad = 1 × 10-5 J/g; 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations/s)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.027 rads 
B) 85 rads 
C) 37 rads 
D) 23 rads 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) 0.027 rads 
B) 85 rads 
C) 37 rads 
D) 23 rads 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

Accepted Answer

A) Photonuclear reactions 
B) Nuclear fission 
C) Thermal conductivity 
D) Nuclear combination 
E) Nuclear fusion 
A) Photonuclear reactions 
B) Nuclear fission 
C) Thermal conductivity 
D) Nuclear combination 
E) Nuclear fusion

Question 16

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr.How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

Accepted Answer

A) 9.0 × 1016 atoms 
B) 4.3 × 10-4 atoms 
C) 2.2 × 1018 atoms 
D) 2.5 × 1014 atoms 
E) 1.7 × 1014 atoms 
A) 9.0 × 1016 atoms 
B) 4.3 × 10-4 atoms 
C) 2.2 × 1018 atoms 
D) 2.5 × 1014 atoms 
E) 1.7 × 1014 atoms

Question 17

In order to investigate the age of a mineral sample believed to be millions of years old,which would be the best choice of radioactive isotope to measure?

Accepted Answer

A) (59Fe (t1/2 = 45.1 d)) 
B) (12C (t1/2 = 5.72 ×103 yr)) 
C) (53Mn (t1/2 = 3.7 ×106 yr)) 
D) (40K (t1/2 = 1.2 ×109 yr)) 
E) (238U (t1/2 = 4.51 ×109 yr)) 
A) (59Fe (t1/2 = 45.1 d)) 
B) (12C (t1/2 = 5.72 ×103 yr)) 
C) (53Mn (t1/2 = 3.7 ×106 yr)) 
D) (40K (t1/2 = 1.2 ×109 yr)) 
E) (238U (t1/2 = 4.51 ×109 yr))

Question 18

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

Accepted Answer

A) Ra-224 
B) Rn-224 
C) Rn-216 
D) At-220 
E) Po-216 
A) Ra-224 
B) Rn-224 
C) Rn-216 
D) At-220 
E) Po-216

Question 19

As a result of beta decay,the product nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A) one atomic number lower than the original element. 
B) two atomic numbers higher than the original element. 
C) one atomic number higher than the original element. 
D) two atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
E) four atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
A) one atomic number lower than the original element. 
B) two atomic numbers higher than the original element. 
C) one atomic number higher than the original element. 
D) two atomic numbers lower than the original element. 
E) four atomic numbers lower than the original element.

Question 20

Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years.Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 1/5 
B) 1/16 
C) 1/26 
D) 1/32 
E) 1/64 
A) 1/5 
B) 1/16 
C) 1/26 
D) 1/32 
E) 1/64

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Which type of radiation is the least dangerous to humans?

What other particle is emitted when a neutron is converted to a proton in a nucleus?

Which of the following is used to image the liver?

The 14C activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon.If present-day plant life shows 15 dpm/g,how old is the Peruvian corn? (The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr.)

Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238.Of these,the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

Which of the following is used to image the heart?

In the following diagrams,A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope,X.Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: What is the half-life of A?

What is the name for the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction?

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 234Th → ? + beta particle

In a nuclear reaction elements are converted to other elements.

Which type of radiation is the most dangerous to humans?

What role does cadmium metal (Cd)play in a nuclear reactor?

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons,neutrons,and electrons is called the ___________ ___________.

What is the nuclear process called where small nuclei are combined into larger ones?

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 yr.How many 87Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

In order to investigate the age of a mineral sample believed to be millions of years old,which would be the best choice of radioactive isotope to measure?

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 220Rn → ? + alpha particle

As a result of beta decay,the product nucleus is

Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years.Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

Chemistry: the Central Science

Atoms Molecules and Ions

Stoichiometry Ratios of Combination

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Chemical Bonding I Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding Ii Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

Modern Materials

Physical Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Entropy Free Energy and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Environmental Chemistry

Coordination Chemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Organic Chemistry

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The ¹⁴C activity of some ancient Peruvian corn was found to be 10 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon.If present-day plant life shows 15 dpm/g,how old is the Peruvian corn? (The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr.)

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²³⁴Th → ? + beta particle

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons,neutrons,and electrons is called the _ _.

Rubidium-87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 × 10¹⁰ yr.How many ⁸⁷Rb atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per hour?

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²²⁰Rn → ? + alpha particle