Question 1

According to which scientific law does the entropy of the universe increase in spontaneous processes and remain unchanged in equilibrium processes?

Accepted Answer

A) 1st law of thermodynamics 
B) 1st law of entropy 
C) 1st universal law 
D) 2nd law of thermodynamics 
E) 3rd law of thermodynamics 
A) 1st law of thermodynamics 
B) 1st law of entropy 
C) 1st universal law 
D) 2nd law of thermodynamics 
E) 3rd law of thermodynamics D

Question 2

The most probable state is the one with the _______.

Accepted Answer

A) highest energy 
B) largest number of possible arrangements 
C) lowest number of possible arrangements 
D) most symmetry 
E) highest enthalpy 
A) highest energy 
B) largest number of possible arrangements 
C) lowest number of possible arrangements 
D) most symmetry 
E) highest enthalpy B

Question 3

Which is a statement of the third law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) The entropy of the universe is increasing. 
B) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
C) For a perfect crystalline solid,the entropy at T = 0 K is zero. 
D) The energy of the universe is constant. 
E) The entropy of all elements are zero. 
A) The entropy of the universe is increasing. 
B) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
C) For a perfect crystalline solid,the entropy at T = 0 K is zero. 
D) The energy of the universe is constant. 
E) The entropy of all elements are zero. C

Question 4

Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bicarbonate: 2NaHCO3(s)→ Na2CO3(s)+ CO2(g)+ H2O(g)
At 25°C,for this reaction,ΔH°rxn = 128.9 kJ/mol and ΔG°rxn = 33.1 kJ/mol.Above what minimum temperature will the reaction become spontaneous under standard state conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.4 K 
B) 3.9 K 
C) 321 K 
D) 401 K 
E) 525 K 
A) 0.4 K 
B) 3.9 K 
C) 321 K 
D) 401 K 
E) 525 K

Question 5

As the molar mass of a compound increases,the entropy ______.

Accepted Answer

A) decreases 
B) is constant 
C) increases 
A) decreases 
B) is constant 
C) increases

Question 6

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Reaction of ADP and alanine results in ATP in the body. 
B) A positive ΔG° value means that the reaction is not product favored. 
C) CO2 is released when ADP reacts with an amino acid. 
D) Phosphoric acid is one of the products of the reaction of ADP with alanine. 
E) Hydrolysis of ATP requires NaOH. 
A) Reaction of ADP and alanine results in ATP in the body. 
B) A positive ΔG° value means that the reaction is not product favored. 
C) CO2 is released when ADP reacts with an amino acid. 
D) Phosphoric acid is one of the products of the reaction of ADP with alanine. 
E) Hydrolysis of ATP requires NaOH.

Question 7

How many types of rotations does a bent triatomic molecule exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 8

Which is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) The energy of the universe is constant. 
B) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
C) The enthalpy of the universe is constant. 
D) The energy of the universe is decreasing. 
E) The entropy of the universe is increasing. 
A) The energy of the universe is constant. 
B) The entropy of the universe is constant. 
C) The enthalpy of the universe is constant. 
D) The energy of the universe is decreasing. 
E) The entropy of the universe is increasing.

Question 9

At temperatures below 273 K,it is observed that liquid water spontaneously freezes to form solid ice.What must be true about the entropy changes of the system and surroundings for this process?

Accepted Answer

A) ΔSsys > 0,ΔSsurr > 0 
B) ΔSsys surr > 0 
C) ΔSsys surr sys > 0,ΔSsurr sys = 0,ΔSsurr > 0 
A) ΔSsys > 0,ΔSsurr > 0 
B) ΔSsys surr > 0 
C) ΔSsys surr sys > 0,ΔSsurr sys = 0,ΔSsurr > 0

Question 10

What is defined as a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system?

Accepted Answer

A) Gibbs free energy 
B) Entropy 
C) Spontaneous process 
D) Nonspontaneous process 
E) Enthalpy 
A) Gibbs free energy 
B) Entropy 
C) Spontaneous process 
D) Nonspontaneous process 
E) Enthalpy

Question 11

For the process C6H6(l) C6H6(s)at a temperature above the freezing point of C6H6,

Accepted Answer

A) ΔS is positive. 
B) ΔH is positive. 
C) ΔG is positive. 
D) ΔG = O. 
A) ΔS is positive. 
B) ΔH is positive. 
C) ΔG is positive. 
D) ΔG = O.

Question 12

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(g)→ C6H12O6(s)+ 6O2(g).

Accepted Answer

Question 13

Which,if any,of the following processes is spontaneous under the specified conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) H2O(l)→ H2O(s)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
B) CO2(s)→ CO2(g)at 0°C,1 atm pressure 
C) 2H2O(g)→ 2H2(g)+ O2(g)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
D) C(graphite)→ C(diamond)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
E) None of these processes is spontaneous. 
A) H2O(l)→ H2O(s)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
B) CO2(s)→ CO2(g)at 0°C,1 atm pressure 
C) 2H2O(g)→ 2H2(g)+ O2(g)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
D) C(graphite)→ C(diamond)at 25°C,1 atm pressure 
E) None of these processes is spontaneous.

Question 14

If a certain process has ΔSuniv > 0 at 25°C,the process may be described as

Accepted Answer

A) exothermic. 
B) endothermic. 
C) spontaneous. 
D) moving rapidly toward equilibrium. 
E) violating the second law of thermodynamics. 
A) exothermic. 
B) endothermic. 
C) spontaneous. 
D) moving rapidly toward equilibrium. 
E) violating the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 15

In 1774 Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen by heating mercury(II)oxide according to the reaction HgO(l) Hg(l)+ ½O2(g),for which rHo = 90.84 kJ/mol and ΔSo = 108 J/K.mol.Which of the following statements is true for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) The reaction is spontaneous only at low temperatures. 
B) The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures. 
C) ΔGo becomes less favorable as temperature increases. 
D) The reaction is spontaneous only at high temperatures. 
E) The reaction is at equilibrium at 25oC and 1 atm pressure. 
A) The reaction is spontaneous only at low temperatures. 
B) The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures. 
C) ΔGo becomes less favorable as temperature increases. 
D) The reaction is spontaneous only at high temperatures. 
E) The reaction is at equilibrium at 25oC and 1 atm pressure.

Question 16

A negative sign for ΔG indicates that,at constant T and P,

Accepted Answer

A) the reaction is exothermic. 
B) the reaction is endothermic. 
C) the reaction is fast. 
D) the reaction is spontaneous. 
E) ΔS of the system must be greater than zero. 
A) the reaction is exothermic. 
B) the reaction is endothermic. 
C) the reaction is fast. 
D) the reaction is spontaneous. 
E) ΔS of the system must be greater than zero.

Question 17

Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen is formed during the metabolism of food. 
B) The metabolism process results in a positive ΔGo. 
C) ADP is hydrolyzed to ATP and phosphoric acid in the body. 
D) A protein is a polymer made of carbohydrate units. 
E) ATP functions to store energy until it is needed by the body. 
A) Oxygen is formed during the metabolism of food. 
B) The metabolism process results in a positive ΔGo. 
C) ADP is hydrolyzed to ATP and phosphoric acid in the body. 
D) A protein is a polymer made of carbohydrate units. 
E) ATP functions to store energy until it is needed by the body.

Question 18

How many types of vibrations does a bent triatomic molecule exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 19

What is defined as the measure of accessible energy levels of a substance at 1 atm?

Accepted Answer

A) Atmospheric disorder 
B) Atmospheric pressure 
C) Atmospheric entropy 
D) Specific pressure 
E) Standard entropy 
A) Atmospheric disorder 
B) Atmospheric pressure 
C) Atmospheric entropy 
D) Specific pressure 
E) Standard entropy

Question 20

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction O2(g)→ 2O(g).

Accepted Answer

Exam 18: Entropy Free Energy and Equilibrium

According to which scientific law does the entropy of the universe increase in spontaneous processes and remain unchanged in equilibrium processes?

The most probable state is the one with the _______.

Which is a statement of the third law of thermodynamics?

Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bicarbonate: 2NaHCO3(s)→ Na2CO3(s)+ CO2(g)+ H2O(g) At 25°C,for this reaction,ΔH°rxn = 128.9 kJ/mol and ΔG°rxn = 33.1 kJ/mol.Above what minimum temperature will the reaction become spontaneous under standard state conditions?

As the molar mass of a compound increases,the entropy ______.

Which statement is correct?

How many types of rotations does a bent triatomic molecule exhibit?

Which is a statement of the second law of thermodynamics?

At temperatures below 273 K,it is observed that liquid water spontaneously freezes to form solid ice.What must be true about the entropy changes of the system and surroundings for this process?

What is defined as a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system?

For the process C6H6(l)<-----> C6H6(s)at a temperature above the freezing point of C6H6,

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction 6CO2(g)+ 6H2O(g)→ C6H12O6(s)+ 6O2(g).

Which,if any,of the following processes is spontaneous under the specified conditions?

If a certain process has ΔSuniv > 0 at 25°C,the process may be described as

In 1774 Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen by heating mercury(II)oxide according to the reaction HgO(l)<----> Hg(l)+ ½O2(g),for which rHo = 90.84 kJ/mol and ΔSo = 108 J/K.mol.Which of the following statements is true for this reaction?

A negative sign for ΔG indicates that,at constant T and P,

Which statement is correct?

How many types of vibrations does a bent triatomic molecule exhibit?

What is defined as the measure of accessible energy levels of a substance at 1 atm?

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction O2(g)→ 2O(g).

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Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

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Acids and Bases

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Sodium carbonate can be made by heating sodium bicarbonate: 2NaHCO₃(s)→ Na₂CO₃(s)+ CO₂(g)+ H₂O(g) At 25°C,for this reaction,ΔH°_rxn = 128.9 kJ/mol and ΔG°_rxn = 33.1 kJ/mol.Above what minimum temperature will the reaction become spontaneous under standard state conditions?

For the process C₆H₆(l)<-----> C₆H₆(s)at a temperature above the freezing point of C₆H₆,

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction 6CO₂(g)+ 6H₂O(g)→ C₆H₁₂O₆(s)+ 6O₂(g).

If a certain process has ΔS_univ > 0 at 25°C,the process may be described as

In 1774 Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen by heating mercury(II)oxide according to the reaction HgO(l)<----> Hg(l)+ ½O₂(g),for which rH^o = 90.84 kJ/mol and ΔS^o = 108 J/K.mol.Which of the following statements is true for this reaction?

Predict the sign of ΔS for the reaction O₂(g)→ 2O(g).