Question 1

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr.Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found,what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.0 × 10-2 
B) 0.20 
C) 3.5 
D) 0.33 
E) 0.29 
A) 3.0 × 10-2 
B) 0.20 
C) 3.5 
D) 0.33 
E) 0.29

Question 2

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg =6.022 x 1026amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2)/s2]?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.80 x 10-9 J 
B) 1.48 x 10-8 J 
C) 3.60 x 10-9 J 
D) 8.91 x 1015 J 
A) 1.80 x 10-9 J 
B) 1.48 x 10-8 J 
C) 3.60 x 10-9 J 
D) 8.91 x 1015 J

Question 3

A mass of 6.02 × 1026 amu is equivalent to

Accepted Answer

A) 1 J. 
B) 1 kg. 
C) 1 g. 
D) 1 mol. 
E) 1 mg. 
A) 1 J. 
B) 1 kg. 
C) 1 g. 
D) 1 mol. 
E) 1 mg.

Question 4

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 5

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay.If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute,what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.38 × 10-2 yr 
B) 11.4 yr 
C) 0.25 yr 
D) 15.8 yr 
E) 9.1 yr 
A) 4.38 × 10-2 yr 
B) 11.4 yr 
C) 0.25 yr 
D) 15.8 yr 
E) 9.1 yr

Question 7

Iodine-131,t1/2 = 8.0 days,is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases.If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day,how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.0 days 
B) 16 days 
C) 32 days 
D) 128 days 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) 2.0 days 
B) 16 days 
C) 32 days 
D) 128 days 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

What is the name for the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Mass difference 
D) Beta particle 
E) Mass defect 
A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Mass difference 
D) Beta particle 
E) Mass defect

Question 9

What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A) Protons 
B) Isotopes 
C) Radioactivity 
D) Neutrons 
E) Electrons 
A) Protons 
B) Isotopes 
C) Radioactivity 
D) Neutrons 
E) Electrons

Question 10

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Po → ? + 208At

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Proton 
D) Beta particle 
E) Positron 
A) Gamma particle 
B) Alpha particle 
C) Proton 
D) Beta particle 
E) Positron

Question 11

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Fission occurs among the heaviest isotopes,whereas fusion occurs more readily for light isotopes. 
B) The mass defect (Δm)for a fission reaction is negative,whereas Δm for fusion is positive. 
C) In order for fusion reactions to occur,temperatures must be in the millions of degrees. 
D) The fission of Pu-239 atoms produces isotopes of many different elements. 
E) Neutron-induced fission processes can occur at room temperature,rather than at millions of degrees. 
A) Fission occurs among the heaviest isotopes,whereas fusion occurs more readily for light isotopes. 
B) The mass defect (Δm)for a fission reaction is negative,whereas Δm for fusion is positive. 
C) In order for fusion reactions to occur,temperatures must be in the millions of degrees. 
D) The fission of Pu-239 atoms produces isotopes of many different elements. 
E) Neutron-induced fission processes can occur at room temperature,rather than at millions of degrees.

Question 12

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

Accepted Answer

A) (40Ca) 
B) (32S) 
C) (30Al) 
D) (55Mn) 
E) (119Sn) 
A) (40Ca) 
B) (32S) 
C) (30Al) 
D) (55Mn) 
E) (119Sn)

Question 13

Beta particles are identical to

Accepted Answer

A) protons. 
B) helium atoms. 
C) hydrogen atoms. 
D) helium nuclei. 
E) electrons. 
A) protons. 
B) helium atoms. 
C) hydrogen atoms. 
D) helium nuclei. 
E) electrons.

Question 14

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium,3H,content 60% that of freshly bottled wine.Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.029 yr 
B) 7.4 yr 
C) 9.1 yr 
D) 16 yr 
E) 35 yr 
A) 0.029 yr 
B) 7.4 yr 
C) 9.1 yr 
D) 16 yr 
E) 35 yr

Question 15

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge,England,has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood.How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 5730 yr 
B) Between 5730 and 11,460 yr 
C) Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr 
D) More than 17,190 yr 
A) Less than 5730 yr 
B) Between 5730 and 11,460 yr 
C) Between 11,460 and 17,190 yr 
D) More than 17,190 yr

Question 16

Most nuclear reactors in the United States are __________.

Accepted Answer

A) heavy water reactors 
B) fusion reactors 
C) breeder reactors 
D) tokamaks 
E) light water reactors 
A) heavy water reactors 
B) fusion reactors 
C) breeder reactors 
D) tokamaks 
E) light water reactors

Question 17

What is the energy equivalent of 1 amu? (c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A) 5.0 × 10-19 J 
B) 5.4 × 1043 J 
C) 6.6 × 109 J 
D) 1.5 × 10-10 J 
A) 5.0 × 10-19 J 
B) 5.4 × 1043 J 
C) 6.6 × 109 J 
D) 1.5 × 10-10 J

Question 18

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Accepted Answer

A) Th 
B) Pu 
C) Ra 
D) Au 
E) Pb 
A) Th 
B) Pu 
C) Ra 
D) Au 
E) Pb

Question 19

Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0024 g 
B) 0.078 g 
C) 0.25 g 
D) 0.50 g 
E) 80.0 g 
A) 0.0024 g 
B) 0.078 g 
C) 0.25 g 
D) 0.50 g 
E) 80.0 g

Question 20

Which equation correctly represents electron capture by the   nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

The half-life of 14C is 5730 yr.Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found,what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg =6.022 x 1026amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m2)/s2]?

A mass of 6.02 × 1026 amu is equivalent to

What is the missing symbol in this plutonium fission reaction?

Nuclear fusion is the combination of small nuclei into larger ones.

A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta decay.If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute,what is the half-life of this radioisotope?

Iodine-131,t1/2 = 8.0 days,is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases.If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day,how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

What is the name for the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons?

What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? 208Po → ? + 208At

Which statement is false?

Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable?

Beta particles are identical to

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium,3H,content 60% that of freshly bottled wine.Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

Charcoal found under a stone at Stonehenge,England,has a carbon-14 activity that is 0.60 that of new wood.How old is the charcoal? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.)

Most nuclear reactors in the United States are __________.

What is the energy equivalent of 1 amu? (c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

What element is the stable end-product of the uranium radioactive decay series?

Cesium-134 is a β emitter with a half-life of 2.0 years.How much of a 2.50-g sample of cesium-134 will remain after 10 years?

Which equation correctly represents electron capture by the nucleus?

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Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Thermochemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

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Intermolecular Forces and the Physical Properties of Liquids and Solids

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The half-life of ¹⁴C is 5730 yr.Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years old was found,what fraction of the original C-14 would remain today?

What is the total binding energy of ¹²C? [¹²C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg =6.022 x 10²⁶amu; 1 J = 1 (kg•m²)/s²]?

A mass of 6.02 × 10²⁶ amu is equivalent to

Iodine-131,t_1/2 = 8.0 days,is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases.If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 10¹⁸ β particles per day,how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 10¹⁷ β particles per day?

In the equation below,what particle or type of radiation needs to be included to balance the equation? ²⁰⁸Po → ? + ²⁰⁸At

Estimate the age of a bottled wine that has a tritium,³H,content 60% that of freshly bottled wine.Tritium decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 12.3 yr.

What is the energy equivalent of 1 amu? (c = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)