Question 1

Calcium in the blood can be measured.Is this a good indicator of bone health? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium is not a good indicator of

Question 2

How is sulfur different from the other major minerals? Why is there no recommended intake?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur is needed in the diet a

Question 3

Which statement about tetany is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs when the extracellular calcium concentration is too low. 
B) Tetany causes muscles to contract. 
C) It can cause death. 
D) Tetany is caused by a dietary calcium deficiency. 
A) It occurs when the extracellular calcium concentration is too low. 
B) Tetany causes muscles to contract. 
C) It can cause death. 
D) Tetany is caused by a dietary calcium deficiency.

Question 4

When blood calcium is low,parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing appetite for calcium containing foods. 
B) activating vitamin D. 
C) reducing calcium excretion by the kidney. 
D) stimulating calcium release from bone. 
A) increasing appetite for calcium containing foods. 
B) activating vitamin D. 
C) reducing calcium excretion by the kidney. 
D) stimulating calcium release from bone.

Question 5

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy. 
B) Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron. 
C) Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption. 
A) Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy. 
B) Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron. 
C) Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption.

Question 6

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Accepted Answer

A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA. 
A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA.

Question 7

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

Accepted Answer

A) infancy. 
B) early childhood. 
C) early adulthood. 
D) the menopausal period. 
A) infancy. 
B) early childhood. 
C) early adulthood. 
D) the menopausal period.

Question 8

After 35 to 45 years of age:

Accepted Answer

A) bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. 
B) bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. 
C) bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. 
D) the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily. 
A) bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. 
B) bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. 
C) bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. 
D) the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily.

Question 9

Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) excessive use of calcium containing antacids. 
B) high blood calcium. 
C) increased secretion of PTH. 
D) calcification of the kidney. 
A) excessive use of calcium containing antacids. 
B) high blood calcium. 
C) increased secretion of PTH. 
D) calcification of the kidney.

Question 10

Which statement about the processing of foods is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Processing destroys minerals. 
B) The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium,selenium and zinc. 
C) Sodium is typically absent in processed foods. 
D) Potassium is often added during food processing. 
A) Processing destroys minerals. 
B) The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium,selenium and zinc. 
C) Sodium is typically absent in processed foods. 
D) Potassium is often added during food processing.

Question 11

What is the role of a mineral cofactor?

Accepted Answer

A cofactor combines with the i

Question 12

Which mineral is found in varying amounts in food depending on where it is grown?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Iodine 
C) Magnesium 
D) Pyridoxine 
A) Calcium 
B) Iodine 
C) Magnesium 
D) Pyridoxine

Question 13

Two hormones regulate blood calcium levels; ________ raises blood calcium and __________ lowers blood calcium levels.

Accepted Answer

A) calcitonin; aldosterone 
B) calcitonin; parathyroid hormone 
C) parathyroid hormone; calcitonin 
D) thyroid stimulating hormone; calcitonin 
A) calcitonin; aldosterone 
B) calcitonin; parathyroid hormone 
C) parathyroid hormone; calcitonin 
D) thyroid stimulating hormone; calcitonin

Question 14

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins 
A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins

Question 15

Which statement about vitamin D is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) It promotes active transport of calcium across the intestine. 
B) It is required for the passive transport of calcium across the intestine. 
C) Vitamin D is most necessary when calcium intake is high. 
D) Adequate consumption increases the absorption of calcium to 50%. 
A) It promotes active transport of calcium across the intestine. 
B) It is required for the passive transport of calcium across the intestine. 
C) Vitamin D is most necessary when calcium intake is high. 
D) Adequate consumption increases the absorption of calcium to 50%.

Question 16

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Accepted Answer

A) Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. 
B) Smoking and drinking both increase risk. 
C) Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. 
D) Smoking and drinking both decrease risk. 
A) Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. 
B) Smoking and drinking both increase risk. 
C) Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. 
D) Smoking and drinking both decrease risk.

Question 17

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

Accepted Answer

A) bones. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the blood. 
A) bones. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the blood.

Question 18

Which is the least plentiful source of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Carrots 
B) Eggs 
C) Sardines 
D) Yogurt 
A) Carrots 
B) Eggs 
C) Sardines 
D) Yogurt

Question 19

When phosphorus intake is high,the most likely consequence is that:

Accepted Answer

A) blood levels rise drastically. 
B) less is absorbed across the intestine. 
C) more is lost in the urine. 
D) it is stored in additional creatine phosphate. 
A) blood levels rise drastically. 
B) less is absorbed across the intestine. 
C) more is lost in the urine. 
D) it is stored in additional creatine phosphate.

Question 20

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) calcium. 
B) sodium. 
C) copper. 
D) zinc. 
A) calcium. 
B) sodium. 
C) copper. 
D) zinc.

Exam 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health

Calcium in the blood can be measured.Is this a good indicator of bone health? Why or why not?

How is sulfur different from the other major minerals? Why is there no recommended intake?

Which statement about tetany is FALSE?

When blood calcium is low,parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium?

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

After 35 to 45 years of age:

Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Which statement about the processing of foods is true?

What is the role of a mineral cofactor?

Which mineral is found in varying amounts in food depending on where it is grown?

Two hormones regulate blood calcium levels; ________ raises blood calcium and __________ lowers blood calcium levels.

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Which statement about vitamin D is correct?

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

Which is the least plentiful source of calcium?

When phosphorus intake is high,the most likely consequence is that:

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitamin/Nonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

Filters

Two hormones regulate blood calcium levels; raises blood calcium and __ lowers blood calcium levels.