Question 1

The risk of hypertension is lowest for which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Non-hispanic whites 
B) Diabetics 
C) Obese individuals 
D) African Americans 
A) Non-hispanic whites 
B) Diabetics 
C) Obese individuals 
D) African Americans A

Question 2

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury.

Accepted Answer

A) ≤ 120/80 
B) ≤ 140/90 
C) ≤ 160/100 
D) between 120/80 and 140/90 
A) ≤ 120/80 
B) ≤ 140/90 
C) ≤ 160/100 
D) between 120/80 and 140/90 A

Question 3

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day.

Accepted Answer

A) 1000 
B) 1850 
C) 2300 
D) One has not been established 
A) 1000 
B) 1850 
C) 2300 
D) One has not been established C

Question 4

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) tomatoes. 
B) bananas. 
C) snack crackers. 
D) potatoes. 
A) tomatoes. 
B) bananas. 
C) snack crackers. 
D) potatoes.

Question 5

The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered:

Accepted Answer

A) slightly basic. 
B) slightly acidic. 
C) very basic. 
D) very acidic. 
A) slightly basic. 
B) slightly acidic. 
C) very basic. 
D) very acidic.

Question 6

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water?

Accepted Answer

A) High potassium intake 
B) A low-calorie diet 
C) Consuming many high protein foods 
D) Lactation 
A) High potassium intake 
B) A low-calorie diet 
C) Consuming many high protein foods 
D) Lactation

Question 7

Fluid requirements for infants are proportionately greater than those for adults because:

Accepted Answer

A) infants have less surface area for evaporation. 
B) infants are more active than adults. 
C) infants weigh less than adults. 
D) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine. 
A) infants have less surface area for evaporation. 
B) infants are more active than adults. 
C) infants weigh less than adults. 
D) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine.

Question 8

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It can cause sudden heart failure. 
B) It can occur in anorexia nervosa. 
C) It can disturb acid base balance. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) It can cause sudden heart failure. 
B) It can occur in anorexia nervosa. 
C) It can disturb acid base balance. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 9

In most people,hypertension results from:

Accepted Answer

A) no obvious external cause. 
B) diabetes. 
C) kidney disease. 
D) atherosclerosis. 
A) no obvious external cause. 
B) diabetes. 
C) kidney disease. 
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 10

Most body water comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) moisture absorbed through the skin. 
B) fluids we drink. 
C) the food we eat. 
D) metabolism. 
A) moisture absorbed through the skin. 
B) fluids we drink. 
C) the food we eat. 
D) metabolism.

Question 11

Water found inside cells of the body is called:

Accepted Answer

A) intercellular fluid. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) interstitial fluid. 
A) intercellular fluid. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) interstitial fluid.

Question 12

In the United States,the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium; potassium and chloride 
B) sodium; phosphorous 
C) iron; potassium 
D) sodium and chloride; potassium 
A) sodium; potassium and chloride 
B) sodium; phosphorous 
C) iron; potassium 
D) sodium and chloride; potassium

Question 13

Which is LEAST likely to be implicated as a contributor to hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) High levels of carbonated beverage consumption 
B) Stress 
C) Heavy alcohol consumption 
D) Lack of physical activity 
A) High levels of carbonated beverage consumption 
B) Stress 
C) Heavy alcohol consumption 
D) Lack of physical activity

Question 14

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium,chloride and potassium from the diet is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are readily absorbed. 
B) Absorption is regulated according to body needs. 
C) Sodium absorption is tightly regulated,while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated. 
D) Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis. 
A) They are readily absorbed. 
B) Absorption is regulated according to body needs. 
C) Sodium absorption is tightly regulated,while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated. 
D) Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis.

Question 15

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. 
B) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables. 
C) choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. 
D) preparing your meals at home. 
A) replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. 
B) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables. 
C) choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. 
D) preparing your meals at home.

Question 16

Water is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by:

Accepted Answer

A) active transport. 
B) Brownian motion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) endocytosis. 
A) active transport. 
B) Brownian motion. 
C) osmosis. 
D) endocytosis.

Question 17

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

Accepted Answer

A) insensible losses. 
B) interstitial decreases. 
C) transitory losses. 
D) undetectable losses. 
A) insensible losses. 
B) interstitial decreases. 
C) transitory losses. 
D) undetectable losses.

Question 18

The human diet has:

Accepted Answer

A) always been high in salt. 
B) historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present. 
C) historically been lower in both sodium and potassium than at present. 
D) historically been higher in both sodium and potassium than at present. 
A) always been high in salt. 
B) historically been higher in potassium and lower in sodium than at present. 
C) historically been lower in both sodium and potassium than at present. 
D) historically been higher in both sodium and potassium than at present.

Question 19

Which hormone signals the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiotensinogen 
B) Antidiuretic hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Adrenal hormone 
A) Angiotensinogen 
B) Antidiuretic hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Adrenal hormone

Question 20

When a nerve cell depolarizes,all of the following occur EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an electrical current is generated. 
B) it causes a muscle contraction. 
C) permeability of the cell membrane to sodium changes. 
D) a nerve impulse is sent. 
A) an electrical current is generated. 
B) it causes a muscle contraction. 
C) permeability of the cell membrane to sodium changes. 
D) a nerve impulse is sent.

Exam 10: Water and the Electrolytes

The risk of hypertension is lowest for which of the following groups?

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury.

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day.

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT:

The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered:

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water?

Fluid requirements for infants are proportionately greater than those for adults because:

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?

In most people,hypertension results from:

Most body water comes from:

Water found inside cells of the body is called:

In the United States,the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________.

Which is LEAST likely to be implicated as a contributor to hypertension?

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium,chloride and potassium from the diet is true?

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT:

Water is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract by:

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

The human diet has:

Which hormone signals the kidneys to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream?

When a nerve cell depolarizes,all of the following occur EXCEPT:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitamin/Nonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

Filters

In the United States,the typical diet is high in _ and low in __.