Question 1

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people.

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes 
B) cancer 
C) hypertension 
D) All of these 
A) diabetes 
B) cancer 
C) hypertension 
D) All of these

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. 
B) Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. 
C) Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. 
D) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular. 
A) Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. 
B) Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. 
C) Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. 
D) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80% 
A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80%

Question 4

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension)diet is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) high intake of fruits and vegetables,but no dairy foods. 
B) plenty of fruits,vegetables & whole grains,with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. 
C) abundant whole & refined grains and high-protein foods,but low in dairy. 
D) plenty of high-protein and dairy foods. 
A) high intake of fruits and vegetables,but no dairy foods. 
B) plenty of fruits,vegetables & whole grains,with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. 
C) abundant whole & refined grains and high-protein foods,but low in dairy. 
D) plenty of high-protein and dairy foods.

Question 5

When table salt is dissolved in water,the sodium and chloride ions:

Accepted Answer

A) form a covalent bond. 
B) dissociate. 
C) form an ionic bond. 
D) associate. 
A) form a covalent bond. 
B) dissociate. 
C) form an ionic bond. 
D) associate.

Question 6

An electrical charge or membrane potential exists across nerve cell membranes because:

Accepted Answer

A) the membrane is permeable to sodium ions. 
B) the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in. 
C) the membrane is impermeable to all ions. 
D) water can flow freely across the membrane. 
A) the membrane is permeable to sodium ions. 
B) the cell membrane allows more positively charged ions to leak out than to leak in. 
C) the membrane is impermeable to all ions. 
D) water can flow freely across the membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following acts to increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiotensin II 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Estrogen 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
A) Angiotensin II 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Estrogen 
D) Parathyroid hormone

Question 8

The AI for potassium intake is:

Accepted Answer

A) similar to that for sodium. 
B) not established. 
C) >2x than that of sodium. 
D) less than 20% of that for sodium. 
A) similar to that for sodium. 
B) not established. 
C) >2x than that of sodium. 
D) less than 20% of that for sodium.

Question 9

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an increased diabetes risk. 
B) weakening of and damage to artery walls. 
C) the heart working harder. 
D) an increased risk of stroke. 
A) an increased diabetes risk. 
B) weakening of and damage to artery walls. 
C) the heart working harder. 
D) an increased risk of stroke.

Question 10

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) exchange reaction. 
B) catalysis reaction. 
C) hydrolysis reaction. 
D) condensation reaction. 
A) exchange reaction. 
B) catalysis reaction. 
C) hydrolysis reaction. 
D) condensation reaction.

Question 11

Which property makes water a good solvent?

Accepted Answer

A) Covalent nature 
B) Electroneutrality 
C) Hydrophobicity 
D) Polarity 
A) Covalent nature 
B) Electroneutrality 
C) Hydrophobicity 
D) Polarity

Question 12

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance.

Accepted Answer

A) 1-2% 
B) 5-7% 
C) 10% 
D) 20% 
A) 1-2% 
B) 5-7% 
C) 10% 
D) 20%

Question 13

The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys is:

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone. 
B) renin. 
C) angiotensin. 
D) adrenaline. 
A) aldosterone. 
B) renin. 
C) angiotensin. 
D) adrenaline.

Question 14

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) fruits and vegetables. 
B) whole grains. 
C) lean protein. 
D) low-fat dairy. 
A) fruits and vegetables. 
B) whole grains. 
C) lean protein. 
D) low-fat dairy.

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) Water changes temperature slowly,helping to maintain body temperature. 
B) When body temperature rises,sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. 
C) Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. 
D) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production,thus dissipating excess heat. 
A) Water changes temperature slowly,helping to maintain body temperature. 
B) When body temperature rises,sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. 
C) Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. 
D) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production,thus dissipating excess heat.

Question 16

The role of water in urine is:

Accepted Answer

A) as a transport medium. 
B) to provide a medium for chemical reactions. 
C) to detoxify. 
D) to maintain acid base balance. 
A) as a transport medium. 
B) to provide a medium for chemical reactions. 
C) to detoxify. 
D) to maintain acid base balance.

Question 17

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called:

Accepted Answer

A) solvents. 
B) non-polar. 
C) electrolytes. 
D) inert. 
A) solvents. 
B) non-polar. 
C) electrolytes. 
D) inert.

Question 18

Sodium,chloride,and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) phytates. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) condensates. 
D) solvents. 
A) phytates. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) condensates. 
D) solvents.

Question 19

Hypertension is very common,affecting _____ of adults in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

A) 1/10 
B) 1/4 
C) 1/3 
D) 1/2 
A) 1/10 
B) 1/4 
C) 1/3 
D) 1/2

Question 20

The function of synovial fluid is to:

Accepted Answer

A) allow excess heat to escape from the body. 
B) lubricate joints. 
C) provide a protective cushion around the developing fetus. 
D) lubricate the mouth. 
A) allow excess heat to escape from the body. 
B) lubricate joints. 
C) provide a protective cushion around the developing fetus. 
D) lubricate the mouth.

Exam 10: Water and the Electrolytes

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people.

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension)diet is best characterized by:

When table salt is dissolved in water,the sodium and chloride ions:

An electrical charge or membrane potential exists across nerve cell membranes because:

Which of the following acts to increase blood pressure?

The AI for potassium intake is:

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT:

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a(n):

Which property makes water a good solvent?

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance.

The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys is:

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from:

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?

The role of water in urine is:

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called:

Sodium,chloride,and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of:

Hypertension is very common,affecting _____ of adults in the U.S.

The function of synovial fluid is to:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitamin/Nonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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