Question 1

Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.

Accepted Answer

According to the social exchange theory,

Question 2

____ refers to the desire to help another person,even if such help involves cost to the helper.

Accepted Answer

A) Prosocial behavior 
B) Altruism 
C) Empathy 
D) Reciprocity 
A) Prosocial behavior 
B) Altruism 
C) Empathy 
D) Reciprocity

Question 3

You ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night.Before handing over the keys,he asks in jest,"What's in it for me?" His question best reflects ____ as applied to prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
B) social exchange theory 
C) the reciprocity norm 
D) an egocentric perspective 
A) the empathy-altruism hypothesis 
B) social exchange theory 
C) the reciprocity norm 
D) an egocentric perspective

Question 4

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,____,and ____

Accepted Answer

A) empathy; cultural values 
B) kin selection; the ability to learn to follow norms and customs 
C) social exchange; kin selection 
D) empathy; social exchange 
A) empathy; cultural values 
B) kin selection; the ability to learn to follow norms and customs 
C) social exchange; kin selection 
D) empathy; social exchange

Question 5

Recall that participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which a student in their Introductory Psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Some participants were encouraged to empathize with "Carol," whereas others were encouraged to listen objectively to the interview.Some participants in each of these two groups were led to believe that Carol would be returning to their psychology course; others were led to believe that she would finish out the term at home,and that they would never see her again.Toi and Batson found that when participants ____,their decision to help was guided by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B) listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C) empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D) did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns 
A) empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B) listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C) empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D) did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns

Question 6

Stemming from the urban overload hypothesis,consider what you would do in the following situation.You have just run over a nail with your car during a long road trip,but luckily you have run-flat tires and can drive up to fifty miles before your tire will deflate.Based on what you know from the urban overload hypothesis,where should you drive to if you were going to seek help from strangers for your tire?

Accepted Answer

A) the nearest major city 
B) the nearest moderately sized city 
C) a completely deserted road 
D) a small,rural town 
A) the nearest major city 
B) the nearest moderately sized city 
C) a completely deserted road 
D) a small,rural town

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)? People who

Accepted Answer

A) live in cities feel out of touch with others,so use helping as a way to "reach out." 
B) live in cities often feel overwhelmed,so simplify things by keeping to themselves. 
C) visit cities from rural areas feel overwhelmed,so avoid the urban dwellers. 
D) visit cities from rural areas feel isolated,so use helping as way to "reach out" to others. 
A) live in cities feel out of touch with others,so use helping as a way to "reach out." 
B) live in cities often feel overwhelmed,so simplify things by keeping to themselves. 
C) visit cities from rural areas feel overwhelmed,so avoid the urban dwellers. 
D) visit cities from rural areas feel isolated,so use helping as way to "reach out" to others.

Question 8

Who is more likely to volunteer on a regular basis,according to information presented in your text?

Accepted Answer

A) Asian Americans 
B) men 
C) women 
D) the elderly 
A) Asian Americans 
B) men 
C) women 
D) the elderly

Question 9

Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so,how?

Accepted Answer

Alice Eagly and Maureen Crowley (1986)ha

Question 10

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of responsibility. 
B) the urban overload hypothesis. 
C) the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
D) social exchange theory. 
A) diffusion of responsibility. 
B) the urban overload hypothesis. 
C) the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 
D) social exchange theory.

Question 11

Receiving help can lower a person's self-esteem when

Accepted Answer

A) the helper's demonstration of superior skill leads the recipient to feel incompetent. 
B) the recipient is worried about repaying the favor in the future. 
C) the helper is of a different gender than the recipient. 
D) the helper is supportive and concerned. 
A) the helper's demonstration of superior skill leads the recipient to feel incompetent. 
B) the recipient is worried about repaying the favor in the future. 
C) the helper is of a different gender than the recipient. 
D) the helper is supportive and concerned.

Question 12

The concept of ____ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned,other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) the bystander effect 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) pluralistic ignorance 
D) evaluation apprehension 
A) the bystander effect 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) pluralistic ignorance 
D) evaluation apprehension

Question 13

According to self-esteem maintenance theory ,you will be more inclined to help a stranger than to help a friend when

Accepted Answer

A) your help might enable your friend to surpass you on an important dimension. 
B) your friend has refused to help you in the past. 
C) you are one of many witnessing the other person's need. 
D) the costs of helping are relatively low,and the rewards are high. 
A) your help might enable your friend to surpass you on an important dimension. 
B) your friend has refused to help you in the past. 
C) you are one of many witnessing the other person's need. 
D) the costs of helping are relatively low,and the rewards are high.

Question 14

According to the authors of your text,the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Accepted Answer

A) pluralistic ignorance. 
B) noticing the event. 
C) knowing what to do. 
D) taking responsibility. 
A) pluralistic ignorance. 
B) noticing the event. 
C) knowing what to do. 
D) taking responsibility.

Question 15

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism,which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

Accepted Answer

A) France 
B) United States 
C) Canada 
D) Germany 
A) France 
B) United States 
C) Canada 
D) Germany

Question 16

Even if it is clear that a person needs help,that you are the person responsible to help,and that you know how to help,you might still decide not to help.Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the situation isn't an emergency,and the Latané and Darley model isn't applicable. 
B) people fear that they might make fools of themselves if they help. 
C) the cost of administering help might be too high. 
D) people fear that they might make things worse if they try to help. 
A) the situation isn't an emergency,and the Latané and Darley model isn't applicable. 
B) people fear that they might make fools of themselves if they help. 
C) the cost of administering help might be too high. 
D) people fear that they might make things worse if they try to help.

Question 17

While waiting for a bus,witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries,"My nitro tablets.Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets,and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground,clutching his chest.Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency.In this situation,who is most likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A) James,who has recently completed a CPR course 
B) Anita,who hears a voice from the back of the crowd,"Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C) Gene,who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D) Arthur,who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt 
A) James,who has recently completed a CPR course 
B) Anita,who hears a voice from the back of the crowd,"Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C) Gene,who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D) Arthur,who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt

Question 18

A woman has just been in a car accident and needs someone to get her out of her car.A man has AIDS and needs someone to take him to the hospital for ongoing treatments.According to the research on gender differences in prosocial behavior,which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A) John is more likely to help the woman; Karen is more likely to help the man. 
B) John is more likely to help the man; Karen is more likely to help the woman. 
C) John is more likely to help both the man and the woman. 
D) John and Karen are equally likely to help both the woman and the man. 
A) John is more likely to help the woman; Karen is more likely to help the man. 
B) John is more likely to help the man; Karen is more likely to help the woman. 
C) John is more likely to help both the man and the woman. 
D) John and Karen are equally likely to help both the woman and the man.

Question 19

Ben and Jerry are coworkers in an exchange relationship.What is most likely to determine whether Ben agrees to lend Jerry $20?

Accepted Answer

A) how long it's been since Jerry needed cash 
B) how much Ben cares about Jerry's welfare 
C) whether Ben believes that Jerry will pay him back 
D) how many other people have already turned Jerry down 
A) how long it's been since Jerry needed cash 
B) how much Ben cares about Jerry's welfare 
C) whether Ben believes that Jerry will pay him back 
D) how many other people have already turned Jerry down

Question 20

The authors of your text tell a story about Abraham Lincoln in which Lincoln ordered a coach to stop so he could save some piglets from drowning.Lincoln claimed that he helped because "I should have had no peace of mind all day had I gone on and left that suffering old sow worrying over those pigs." Lincoln argued that he was helping because of

Accepted Answer

A) altruism. 
B) self-interest. 
C) social exchange concerns. 
D) the reciprocity norm. 
A) altruism. 
B) self-interest. 
C) social exchange concerns. 
D) the reciprocity norm.

Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.

____ refers to the desire to help another person,even if such help involves cost to the helper.

You ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night.Before handing over the keys,he asks in jest,"What's in it for me?" His question best reflects ____ as applied to prosocial behavior.

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,,and

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)? People who

Who is more likely to volunteer on a regular basis,according to information presented in your text?

Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so,how?

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Receiving help can lower a person's self-esteem when

The concept of ____ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned,other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong.

According to self-esteem maintenance theory ,you will be more inclined to help a stranger than to help a friend when

According to the authors of your text,the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism,which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

Even if it is clear that a person needs help,that you are the person responsible to help,and that you know how to help,you might still decide not to help.Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following except

A woman has just been in a car accident and needs someone to get her out of her car.A man has AIDS and needs someone to take him to the hospital for ongoing treatments.According to the research on gender differences in prosocial behavior,which of the following is most likely to be true?

Ben and Jerry are coworkers in an exchange relationship.What is most likely to determine whether Ben agrees to lend Jerry $20?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.

____ refers to the desire to help another person,even if such help involves cost to the helper.

You ask your brother if you can borrow his car for a date on Saturday night.Before handing over the keys,he asks in jest,"What's in it for me?" His question best reflects ____ as applied to prosocial behavior.

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,____,and ____

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram,1970)? People who

Who is more likely to volunteer on a regular basis,according to information presented in your text?

Do men and women differ in their tendency to help? If so,how?

Juanita sees a crowd of people gathered around a man lying on the ground.She thinks about whether to call an ambulance,but then reasons that somebody else has probably already done so.This is an example of

Receiving help can lower a person's self-esteem when

The concept of ____ refers to the idea that when no bystanders to a possible emergency appear to be concerned,other bystanders assume that nothing is wrong.

According to self-esteem maintenance theory ,you will be more inclined to help a stranger than to help a friend when

According to the authors of your text,the first step in deciding to help in an emergency is

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism,which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

Even if it is clear that a person needs help,that you are the person responsible to help,and that you know how to help,you might still decide not to help.Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following except

A woman has just been in a car accident and needs someone to get her out of her car.A man has AIDS and needs someone to take him to the hospital for ongoing treatments.According to the research on gender differences in prosocial behavior,which of the following is most likely to be true?

Ben and Jerry are coworkers in an exchange relationship.What is most likely to determine whether Ben agrees to lend Jerry $20?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

According to evolutionary psychologists,we help others because of three factors that have become ingrained in our genes: the reciprocity norm,,and