Question 1

Which of the following is one way to overcome social cognitive mistakes,as described by your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A) Rely solely on automatic processes. 
B) Rely solely on controlled processes. 
C) Consider an opposite point of view. 
D) Take advanced college courses in physics. 
A) Rely solely on automatic processes. 
B) Rely solely on controlled processes. 
C) Consider an opposite point of view. 
D) Take advanced college courses in physics.

Question 2

Austin cannot stop thinking about a scary accident in which he was involved.These intrusive thoughts are both unpleasant and distracting.When is Austin least likely to think about the accident? When his

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring process continues,and his operating process shuts down. 
B) operating and controlled processes work in tandem. 
C) automatic and monitoring processes work in tandem. 
D) monitoring and operating processes work in tandem. 
A) monitoring process continues,and his operating process shuts down. 
B) operating and controlled processes work in tandem. 
C) automatic and monitoring processes work in tandem. 
D) monitoring and operating processes work in tandem.

Question 3

What is the major advantage of processing information automatically?

Accepted Answer

A) We can use our cognitive resources for other,more important matters. 
B) Automatic processing yields more accurate judgments than does controlled processing. 
C) It is easier to learn how to process information automatically. 
D) Automatic processing is more easily modified than controlled processing. 
A) We can use our cognitive resources for other,more important matters. 
B) Automatic processing yields more accurate judgments than does controlled processing. 
C) It is easier to learn how to process information automatically. 
D) Automatic processing is more easily modified than controlled processing.

Question 4

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

Accepted Answer

A) primed with words related to money. 
B) primed with images of wealth. 
C) told the next participant would know their names. 
D) primed with words related to God. 
A) primed with words related to money. 
B) primed with images of wealth. 
C) told the next participant would know their names. 
D) primed with words related to God.

Question 5

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California,you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ____ in making your decision.

Accepted Answer

A) the representativeness heuristic 
B) base rate information 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) counterfactual thinking 
A) the representativeness heuristic 
B) base rate information 
C) the availability heuristic 
D) counterfactual thinking

Question 6

According to Daniel Wegner's theory of thought suppression,two processes are involved in suppressing unwanted thoughts.The ____ process searches for evidence of the unwanted thought; the ____ process attempts to provide a distraction whenever the thought comes to mind.

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring; operating 
B) seeking; distracting 
C) controlled; automatic 
D) tracking; diverting 
A) monitoring; operating 
B) seeking; distracting 
C) controlled; automatic 
D) tracking; diverting

Question 7

What effect does use of automatic versus controlled processing have on the quality of our reasoning? Overall,how good are people as social thinkers?

Accepted Answer

Both automatic and controlled processing

Question 8

Assume that you want to avoid the self-fulfilling prophecy the next time you meet someone who fits a schema that you hold.According to work on the limits of self-fulfilling prophecies described in the text,what should you do? You should make sure that

Accepted Answer

A) you're not preoccupied with other things. 
B) you let the other person direct the conversation. 
C) your schema has worked in the past. 
D) you seek out evidence that contradicts your schema. 
A) you're not preoccupied with other things. 
B) you let the other person direct the conversation. 
C) your schema has worked in the past. 
D) you seek out evidence that contradicts your schema.

Question 9

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

Accepted Answer

A) Bantu culture emphasizes cattle herding so strongly that herdsmen have well-developed schemas. 
B) Scots have a written language,and do not rely on memory any more. 
C) Bantu people have a genetic mutation which gives most of them a photographic memory. 
D) Scottish culture discourages cattle-herding,thus herders have little opportunity to create schemas. 
A) Bantu culture emphasizes cattle herding so strongly that herdsmen have well-developed schemas. 
B) Scots have a written language,and do not rely on memory any more. 
C) Bantu people have a genetic mutation which gives most of them a photographic memory. 
D) Scottish culture discourages cattle-herding,thus herders have little opportunity to create schemas.

Question 10

Jacob's friend,Tom asks him,"Do you think I'm short-tempered?" Jacob had never really thought about how short-tempered or calm Tom was until he had asked.Nonetheless,Jacob was able to provide him a quick answer.What social cognitive process was most likely involved in this judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) self-fulfilling prophecy 
B) controlled thinking 
C) base rate heuristic 
D) availability heuristic 
A) self-fulfilling prophecy 
B) controlled thinking 
C) base rate heuristic 
D) availability heuristic

Question 11

The text suggests that racial profiling is not always automatic and in some cases is part of a(n) ____ process.

Accepted Answer

A) controlled 
B) heuristic 
C) accurate 
D) arbitrary 
A) controlled 
B) heuristic 
C) accurate 
D) arbitrary

Question 12

You've rented the movie Sophie's Choice.There is a scene in which Sophie,a recent immigrant from Poland,is both surprised and amused that Americans have so many words for the concept "fast." She reports that in Polish,there is only one word.You've just read Chapter 3 (Social Cognition),and a friend asks you why the cultures differ in that regard.What would you say?

Accepted Answer

A) English has borrowed more words from foreign languages than has Polish. 
B) Polish has different roots than does English. 
C) Poles don't have well-developed schemas for the concept "fast." 
D) Americans are generally better educated than Poles. 
A) English has borrowed more words from foreign languages than has Polish. 
B) Polish has different roots than does English. 
C) Poles don't have well-developed schemas for the concept "fast." 
D) Americans are generally better educated than Poles.

Question 13

James has a goal of being able to run a marathon by next year.When he sees a woman dart out of a store and start running he immediately thinks,"Oh,she must be a runner too!" rather than,"She's a shoplifter trying to get away." Which of the following is the best explanation for why one schema was accessible rather than another?

Accepted Answer

A) chronic accessibility due to past experience 
B) a current goal 
C) base-rate information 
D) applicability of priming 
A) chronic accessibility due to past experience 
B) a current goal 
C) base-rate information 
D) applicability of priming

Question 14

The authors of your text present information suggesting some of the powers of the unconscious mind.Explain three ways that the unconscious mind is a part of social cognition.

Accepted Answer

Unconscious processes are involved in se

Question 15

Use of the representativeness heuristic can get people into trouble when they use biased samples to decide just what the typical case is or what a reasonable starting point is.Compare how scientists and nonscientists go about generating samples to make judgments and inferences.

Accepted Answer

Scientists are more insistent than nonsc

Question 16

The way that automatic and controlled processing tend to work together can be best compared to a

Accepted Answer

A) computer graphics system that relies on both bitmap (pixel by pixel)and vector (mathematically generated line)images. 
B) modern jet system that can fly on automatic pilot but also has a manual override. 
C) car that can drive in either four-wheel or two-wheel drive. 
D) deciduous tree that has leaves in spring through fall but is bare in the winter. 
A) computer graphics system that relies on both bitmap (pixel by pixel)and vector (mathematically generated line)images. 
B) modern jet system that can fly on automatic pilot but also has a manual override. 
C) car that can drive in either four-wheel or two-wheel drive. 
D) deciduous tree that has leaves in spring through fall but is bare in the winter.

Question 17

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person,and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes.After the lecture,

Accepted Answer

A) those students who expected the lecturer to be warm rated him higher and participated more in class discussion than those who expected him to be cold. 
B) those students who expected the lecturer to be warm rated him higher but did not talk in class any more than those who expected him to be cold. 
C) those students who expected him to be warm participated in class more than those who expected him to be cold,but did not rate him any differently. 
D) those students who expected him to be warm and those who expected him to be cold did not differ in their assessments,since they both saw the same person. 
A) those students who expected the lecturer to be warm rated him higher and participated more in class discussion than those who expected him to be cold. 
B) those students who expected the lecturer to be warm rated him higher but did not talk in class any more than those who expected him to be cold. 
C) those students who expected him to be warm participated in class more than those who expected him to be cold,but did not rate him any differently. 
D) those students who expected him to be warm and those who expected him to be cold did not differ in their assessments,since they both saw the same person.

Question 18

Isaac is on an interview for a job for which he is well-qualified.However,he is worried that some of the people may have negative schemas about his ethnicity and that they may shape his behavior on the interview with self-fulfilling prophecies.Of the people he meets with (listed below),who is the least likely to use self- fulfilling prophecies?

Accepted Answer

A) Tyler,who is paying close attention to Isaac,and wants to make an accurate judgment of him 
B) Lisa,who wants to make an accurate judgment,but can't stop thinking about her report due next week 
C) Jorge,who is paying close attention to the interview,but isn't very motivated to be accurate because he has no say in the hiring decision 
D) Jasmine,who is preoccupied with a toothache,but has the final say in whether Isaac gets the job 
A) Tyler,who is paying close attention to Isaac,and wants to make an accurate judgment of him 
B) Lisa,who wants to make an accurate judgment,but can't stop thinking about her report due next week 
C) Jorge,who is paying close attention to the interview,but isn't very motivated to be accurate because he has no say in the hiring decision 
D) Jasmine,who is preoccupied with a toothache,but has the final say in whether Isaac gets the job

Question 19

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

Accepted Answer

A) analytic thinking style 
B) holistic thinking style 
C) focusing on context 
D) automatic processes 
A) analytic thinking style 
B) holistic thinking style 
C) focusing on context 
D) automatic processes

Question 20

Your roommate is a case study in faulty and biased social thinking.You've just read Chapter 3,and you notice his inappropriate use of schemas and judgmental heuristics.How might you combat these troublesome tendencies?

Accepted Answer

You might combat his overconfidence barr

Which of the following is one way to overcome social cognitive mistakes,as described by your textbook?

Austin cannot stop thinking about a scary accident in which he was involved.These intrusive thoughts are both unpleasant and distracting.When is Austin least likely to think about the accident? When his

What is the major advantage of processing information automatically?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California,you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ____ in making your decision.

According to Daniel Wegner's theory of thought suppression,two processes are involved in suppressing unwanted thoughts.The process searches for evidence of the unwanted thought; the process attempts to provide a distraction whenever the thought comes to mind.

What effect does use of automatic versus controlled processing have on the quality of our reasoning? Overall,how good are people as social thinkers?

Assume that you want to avoid the self-fulfilling prophecy the next time you meet someone who fits a schema that you hold.According to work on the limits of self-fulfilling prophecies described in the text,what should you do? You should make sure that

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

Jacob's friend,Tom asks him,"Do you think I'm short-tempered?" Jacob had never really thought about how short-tempered or calm Tom was until he had asked.Nonetheless,Jacob was able to provide him a quick answer.What social cognitive process was most likely involved in this judgment?

The text suggests that racial profiling is not always automatic and in some cases is part of a(n) ____ process.

The authors of your text present information suggesting some of the powers of the unconscious mind.Explain three ways that the unconscious mind is a part of social cognition.

Use of the representativeness heuristic can get people into trouble when they use biased samples to decide just what the typical case is or what a reasonable starting point is.Compare how scientists and nonscientists go about generating samples to make judgments and inferences.

The way that automatic and controlled processing tend to work together can be best compared to a

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person,and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes.After the lecture,

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

Your roommate is a case study in faulty and biased social thinking.You've just read Chapter 3,and you notice his inappropriate use of schemas and judgmental heuristics.How might you combat these troublesome tendencies?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Which of the following is one way to overcome social cognitive mistakes,as described by your textbook?

Austin cannot stop thinking about a scary accident in which he was involved.These intrusive thoughts are both unpleasant and distracting.When is Austin least likely to think about the accident? When his

What is the major advantage of processing information automatically?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

When asked to guess whether Mark is from Montana or California,you guess California because more people live in California.You have used ____ in making your decision.

According to Daniel Wegner's theory of thought suppression,two processes are involved in suppressing unwanted thoughts.The ____ process searches for evidence of the unwanted thought; the ____ process attempts to provide a distraction whenever the thought comes to mind.

What effect does use of automatic versus controlled processing have on the quality of our reasoning? Overall,how good are people as social thinkers?

Assume that you want to avoid the self-fulfilling prophecy the next time you meet someone who fits a schema that you hold.According to work on the limits of self-fulfilling prophecies described in the text,what should you do? You should make sure that

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

Jacob's friend,Tom asks him,"Do you think I'm short-tempered?" Jacob had never really thought about how short-tempered or calm Tom was until he had asked.Nonetheless,Jacob was able to provide him a quick answer.What social cognitive process was most likely involved in this judgment?

The text suggests that racial profiling is not always automatic and in some cases is part of a(n) ____ process.

The authors of your text present information suggesting some of the powers of the unconscious mind.Explain three ways that the unconscious mind is a part of social cognition.

Use of the representativeness heuristic can get people into trouble when they use biased samples to decide just what the typical case is or what a reasonable starting point is.Compare how scientists and nonscientists go about generating samples to make judgments and inferences.

The way that automatic and controlled processing tend to work together can be best compared to a

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person,and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes.After the lecture,

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

Your roommate is a case study in faulty and biased social thinking.You've just read Chapter 3,and you notice his inappropriate use of schemas and judgmental heuristics.How might you combat these troublesome tendencies?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

According to Daniel Wegner's theory of thought suppression,two processes are involved in suppressing unwanted thoughts.The process searches for evidence of the unwanted thought; the process attempts to provide a distraction whenever the thought comes to mind.