Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Researchers Miyamoto,Nisbett,and Masuda compared photographs of city scenes in the U.S.and Japan. They found that on average,city scenes in Japan contained more

The cases of Amadou Diallo and Sean Bell,who were innocent African-American men shot by police officers,illustrates the point that

Based on the Shooter Bias study by Payne and Cornell presented in your text,which of the following people would be most likely to be shot in a simulation?

The textbook contrasts the Amadou Diallou case (described in the introduction to Chapter 3)with the Richard Wilkins case,which illustrates racial profiling.The two cases are used as illustrations because

The authors of your text report that there are several gender differences in terms of academic performance,and that there is some evidence that this is due in part to the fact that girls and boys are unwittingly treated differently by teachers and parents.What phenomenon best explains how this treatment could influence academic performance? Self-fulfilling prophecies are

In a controlled experiment,Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers")would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year.In reality,the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers,and were no smarter than any of the other students.Which of the following best describes the results of this study? At the end of the year,

After seeing the movie Fargo,Craig firmly believes that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are the goofiest people in the United States.You believe that Minnesotans and North Dakotans are no goofier than people any place else,and you would like to get Craig to change his judgment.To do this,you might

Research suggests that cultural differences in thinking styles may stem from

Define each of the following mental shortcuts and explain why each may be inaccurate: (1)the availability heuristic; (2)the representativeness heuristic.

In trying to decide which of two classmates is smarter,you use the rule,"the faster people talk,the smarter they are," so you choose the classmate who talks faster.You have applied a ____ to decide who is smarter.

Recent research suggests that participants who are cognitively distracted are more likely to fall prey to the self-fulfilling prophecy than are participants who are not distracted.This suggests that self-fulfilling prophecies

You wrongly assume that because of Linda's short hair,unshaved legs,and liberal views she is a political activist.Your (incorrect)assumption was based on

Making a judgment using base rate information entails

The "Barnum effect," in which vague statements about one's future or personality may be seen as accurate and valid,occurs because of the

Your roommate questions how charitable you really are.She says to you,"Give me just one example of the last time you gave money to a homeless person." Odds are that her challenge will convince you that you really are a generous person.Based on research by Norbert Schwarz and his colleagues (1991),why is that?

You are listening to a radio broadcast which describes a person who donated a kidney to a complete stranger in need of a transplant,when the phone rings and the fireman's local asks you to make a donation.The idea of priming suggests that

How reasonable is it for someone to rely on the representativeness heuristic to make a quick judgment?

The authors cite a number of statistics that point to girls' relatively poor academic performance on standardized tests compared to boys' performance on those tests.The authors suggest that these gender differences may be due in part to

When Becky meets her new roommate,she sees that she has her hair dyed blue and has decorated her side of the room with lots of handmade ceramic pots and paintings.She then assumes that her roommate has multiple piercings and listens to punk rock.She has used ____ heuristic in making this assumption.

Schemas are typically useful for all of the following functions except