Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

In short,counterfactual thinking can be described as

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs because we often

Your roommate is interested in dating Chris,whom you know from a history class.Your roommate asks if you think Chris is generally a considerate person.You remember how Chris lent you notes when you missed class last week,and tell your roommate you think Chris is very considerate.In making your judgment,you have relied upon the ____ heuristic.

Automatic thinking tends to be all of the following except

According to the authors of your text,what is the primary reason people often rely on a variety of mental shortcuts? We're

____ processing is nonconscious,effortless,and unintentional,whereas ____ processing is conscious,effortful,and intentional.

Isabella goes to a fortune teller who tells her,"You are the type of person who is very outgoing and sociable,yet at times you enjoy being alone." Isabella thinks this captures her personality amazingly well,because she finds many instances in her memories of such behaviors.Isabella has just fallen prey to the

Schemas that people apply to others who are members of a social group (e.g.,an ethnic group or a fraternity)are also called

In order for priming to work successfully,thoughts need to be both

The first day of class,Maria absolutely loved her new social psychology professor,but Daniel couldn't stand her.If their interpretations were influenced by schemas,in all likelihood,Maria had heard ____,whereas Daniel had heard ____.

Recall that Norbert Schwarz and his colleagues (1991)asked some participants to think of six times they had behaved assertively and asked other participants to think of twelve times they had behaved assertively,and then asked all participants to rate how assertive they thought they really were.Participants who tried to generate six examples of assertive behaviors rated themselves as more assertive than did participants who tried to generate twelve examples.Why? Schwarz suggests that participants

According to the authors of your text,when people use automatic processes,they tend to size up new situations

Imagine you are trying to lose weight by reducing your consumption of desserts.To help you avoid the desserts that you love,you try not to think about them.According to work done on thought suppression,if you are ____,you will actually be more likely to think about the desserts.

A holistic thinking style can best be described as focusing on

Ava is at a party,deep in conversation with her friends.Suddenly,she hears her name mentioned in another conversation and her attention turns to monitor that conversation.Clearly,Ava had been unconsciously monitoring the other conversations.Such experiences demonstrate the

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest instructor was a warm person,and others that he was a cold person.Students who were told that the guest instructor was a warm person evaluated him more positively and participated more in class discussion than did students who were told that he was cold.These results support the idea that schemas are

In the self-fulfilling prophecy,a perceiver has a(n) ____ that affects the ____ of the target of perception.

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some students that a guest instructor was warm and others that a guest instructor was cold.When the instructor behaved in an arrogant way,he was rated as immodest,no matter what students were told about him at the outset.These findings suggest that

You are taking a university course with a combined graduate and undergraduate enrollment.You know that there are many more undergraduate than graduate students enrolled in this course.There is a woman who looks to be about thirty sitting next to you.If you use only the base rate to guess her student status,you would guess that she is a(n) ____ student because ____.

According to Daniel Wegner (1992,1994),successful thought suppression depends on the interaction of two processes,one automatic and the other controlled.Explain.