Question 1

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
B)  Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
C)  Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
D)  Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
E)  Acidification would increase dissolved bicarbonate concentrations and cause increased calcification of corals and shellfish. 
A)  Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
B)  Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and promote faster growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
C)  Acidification would increase dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
D)  Acidification would decrease dissolved carbonate concentrations and hinder growth of corals and shell-building animals. 
E)  Acidification would increase dissolved bicarbonate concentrations and cause increased calcification of corals and shellfish.

Question 2

Figure 2.6
-Which of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 3

You have two beakers. One contains pure water; the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol. 
B)  NaCl crystals will not dissolve in either water or methanol. 
C)  NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol. 
D)  NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water. 
A)  Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol. 
B)  NaCl crystals will not dissolve in either water or methanol. 
C)  NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol. 
D)  NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.

Question 4

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will

Accepted Answer

A)  ionize more readily. 
B)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S. 
C)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
A)  ionize more readily. 
B)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H2S. 
C)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Question 5

If acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 4.0, which of the following statements about this lake is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter of lake water. 
B)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 4.0 moles per liter of lake water. 
C)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 1 × 104 moles per liter of lake water. 
D)  The hydroxyl ion concentration is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter of lake water. 
E)  The hydroxyl ion concentration is 1 × 10-4 moles per liter of lake water. 
A)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter of lake water. 
B)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 4.0 moles per liter of lake water. 
C)  The hydrogen ion concentration is 1 × 104 moles per liter of lake water. 
D)  The hydroxyl ion concentration is 1 × 10-10 moles per liter of lake water. 
E)  The hydroxyl ion concentration is 1 × 10-4 moles per liter of lake water.

Question 6

What is the hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of a solution of pH 8?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 M 
B)  8 × 10-6 M 
C)  0.01 M 
D)  10-8 M 
E)  10-6 M 
A)  8 M 
B)  8 × 10-6 M 
C)  0.01 M 
D)  10-8 M 
E)  10-6 M

Question 7

Figure 2.3
-Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to those of helium (2He)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

Figure 2.4
-How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus-32 (32P) atom (see Figure 2.4)?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  15 
C)  16 
D)  17 
E)  32 
A)  5 
B)  15 
C)  16 
D)  17 
E)  32

Question 9

Figure 2.4
-In Figure 2.4, how many electrons does nitrogen have in its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  14 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  14

Question 10

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4

Question 11

Figure 2.8
-How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution?
(carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

Accepted Answer

A)  29 
B)  30 
C)  60 
D)  150 
E)  342 
A)  29 
B)  30 
C)  60 
D)  150 
E)  342

Question 12

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  calcium 
C)  iodine 
D)  sodium 
E)  phosphorus 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  calcium 
C)  iodine 
D)  sodium 
E)  phosphorus

Question 13

In an aqueous solution, water molecules associate with one another through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  covalent bonds 
E)  hydrophobic interaction 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  covalent bonds 
E)  hydrophobic interaction

Question 14

An equal volume (5 mL) of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL of pure water 
B)  100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D)  100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E)  100 mL of tomato juice 
A)  100 mL of pure water 
B)  100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D)  100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E)  100 mL of tomato juice

Question 15

Figure 2.3
-Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts an atom with a valence of 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 16

Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic number. 
B)  number of electrons. 
C)  protons. 
D)  number of protons + neutrons. 
E)  chemical properties. 
A)  atomic number. 
B)  number of electrons. 
C)  protons. 
D)  number of protons + neutrons. 
E)  chemical properties.

Question 17

How many glucose molecules are contained in 0.1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.02 × 1023 
B)  3.01 × 1023 
C)  6.02 × 1024 
D)  12.04 × 1023 
E)  6.02 × 1022 
A)  6.02 × 1023 
B)  3.01 × 1023 
C)  6.02 × 1024 
D)  12.04 × 1023 
E)  6.02 × 1022

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms?

Figure 2.6 -Which of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1?

You have two beakers. One contains pure water; the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into each beaker. Predict what will happen.

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will

If acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 4.0, which of the following statements about this lake is true?

What is the hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of a solution of pH 8?

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts the electron configuration of an element with chemical properties most similar to those of helium (2He)?

Figure 2.4 -How many neutrons are present in the nucleus of a phosphorus-32 (32P) atom (see Figure 2.4)?

Figure 2.4 -In Figure 2.4, how many electrons does nitrogen have in its valence shell?

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C2H4?

Figure 2.8 -How many grams of the compound in Figure 2.8 would be required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution? (carbon = 12, oxygen = 16, hydrogen = 1)

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?

In an aqueous solution, water molecules associate with one another through which of the following?

An equal volume (5 mL) of vinegar from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the highest pH?

Figure 2.3 -Which drawing in Figure 2.3 depicts an atom with a valence of 3?

Two atoms that have the same mass number must have the same

How many glucose molecules are contained in 0.1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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