Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. 
A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell. C

Question 2

When subcellular components from disrupted cells are separated using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component remains in the liquid solution or ends up in the pellet is

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative size and weight of the component. 
B)  the relative solubility of the component. 
C)  how hydrophobic the component is. 
D)  the carbohydrate composition of the component. 
A)  the relative size and weight of the component. 
B)  the relative solubility of the component. 
C)  how hydrophobic the component is. 
D)  the carbohydrate composition of the component. A

Question 3

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. 
B)  Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. 
C)  Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. 
D)  Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. 
A)  Cilia and flagella are derived from the centrioles. 
B)  Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures. 
C)  Centrioles are derived from cilia and/or flagella. 
D)  Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular patterns in the evolution of each of these structures. A

Question 4

A double membrane encloses which of the following organelles?

Accepted Answer

A)  only nuclei 
B)  only mitochondria 
C)  nuclei and chloroplasts 
D)  nuclei and lysosomes 
A)  only nuclei 
B)  only mitochondria 
C)  nuclei and chloroplasts 
D)  nuclei and lysosomes

Question 5

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope has good magnification, but has low resolution and therefore poor-quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope has good magnification, but has low resolution and therefore poor-quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens.

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea. 
A)  Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea.

Question 7

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  gap junctions. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  intermediate filaments. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  desmosomes. 
E)  gap junctions.

Question 8

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast 
B)  wall made of cellulose 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  centriole 
A)  chloroplast 
B)  wall made of cellulose 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  centriole

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transport vesicles move between organelles of the endomembrane system independently from the cytoskeleton. 
B)  Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli. 
A)  Transport vesicles move between organelles of the endomembrane system independently from the cytoskeleton. 
B)  Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching). 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli.

Question 10

The chemical reactions involved in respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are virtually identical. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm 
B)  on the nucleoid membrane 
C)  on the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  on the plasma membrane 
A)  in the cytoplasm 
B)  on the nucleoid membrane 
C)  on the endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  on the plasma membrane

Question 11

The smallest cell structures that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  nuclear pores. 
A)  microtubules. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  nuclear pores.

Question 12

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  rough ER 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 13

Biologists commonly use cell fractionation to

Accepted Answer

A)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
B)  visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes. 
C)  isolate organelles to examine their biological functions. 
D)  examine the distribution of organelles within the cell. 
A)  sort cells based on their size and weight. 
B)  visualize the 3-D structure of cell membranes. 
C)  isolate organelles to examine their biological functions. 
D)  examine the distribution of organelles within the cell.

Question 14

Intermediate filaments attach to which of the following structures in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular matrix 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  tight junctions 
D)  middle lamella 
E)  desmosomes 
A)  extracellular matrix 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  tight junctions 
D)  middle lamella 
E)  desmosomes

Question 15

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions 
B)  cellulose fibers 
C)  integrins 
D)  plasmodesmata 
A)  gap junctions 
B)  cellulose fibers 
C)  integrins 
D)  plasmodesmata

Question 16

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  nucleus → ER → Golgi 
C)  ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
D)  ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
A)  ER → Golgi → nucleus 
B)  nucleus → ER → Golgi 
C)  ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 
D)  ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Question 17

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using photosynthetic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using scavenger bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into lysosomes. 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. 
A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using photosynthetic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using scavenger bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into lysosomes. 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

Question 18

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nuclear envelope 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  the extracellular matrix 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  the nuclear envelope 
B)  membrane proteins 
C)  the extracellular matrix 
D)  cytoskeletal structures 
E)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 19

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules and motor proteins 
B)  actin filaments and microtubules 
C)  actin filaments and motor proteins 
D)  centrioles and motor proteins 
A)  microtubules and motor proteins 
B)  actin filaments and microtubules 
C)  actin filaments and motor proteins 
D)  centrioles and motor proteins

Question 20

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
A)  lysosome 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

When subcellular components from disrupted cells are separated using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component remains in the liquid solution or ends up in the pellet is

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural similarities?

A double membrane encloses which of the following organelles?

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

The smallest cell structures that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution) research-grade light microscope is

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Biologists commonly use cell fractionation to

Intermediate filaments attach to which of the following structures in the plasma membrane?

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Motor proteins provide for molecular transport of materials in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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