Question 1

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E C

Question 2

Figure 3.5
-Which molecules shown in Figure 3.5 contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  D and E 
E)  E and A B

Question 3

DNase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNase?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C)  The bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  Oxygen atoms would be removed from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C)  The bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  Oxygen atoms would be removed from the deoxyribose sugars. B

Question 4

Which of the following is the smallest carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose 
E)  starch 
A)  lactose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose 
E)  starch

Question 5

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
E)  both DNA and RNA 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
E)  both DNA and RNA

Question 6

Which of the following polymers lacks nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  RNA 
C)  glycogen 
D)  chitin 
A)  protein 
B)  RNA 
C)  glycogen 
D)  chitin

Question 7

The primary functional groups in a common macromolecule are hydroxyl groups. Which of the following statements regarding this macromolecule is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It will not dissolve in water. 
C)  It will dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It will not dissolve in water. 
C)  It will dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It will form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 8

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

Accepted Answer

A)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the carboxyl carbon 
B)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups 
C)  different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon 
D)  different asymmetric carbons 
A)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the carboxyl carbon 
B)  different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups 
C)  different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon 
D)  different asymmetric carbons

Question 9

If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  30 
C)  35 
D)  50 
A)  15 
B)  30 
C)  35 
D)  50

Question 10

Figure 3.4
-Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms joined to the carbons form a

Accepted Answer

A)  sphere. 
B)  cube. 
C)  tetrahedron. 
D)  line. 
E)  plane. 
A)  sphere. 
B)  cube. 
C)  tetrahedron. 
D)  line. 
E)  plane.

Question 12

Lactase is an enzyme composed of a single polypeptide that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose to produce monosaccharides. The optimal pH for lactase activity is 6. Transfer of lactase to pH 5 results in a substantial decrease in enzyme activity, likely due to the disruption of

Accepted Answer

A)  only the primary structure of the enzyme. 
B)  the primary and secondary structure of the enzyme. 
C)  the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme. 
D)  the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the enzyme. 
A)  only the primary structure of the enzyme. 
B)  the primary and secondary structure of the enzyme. 
C)  the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzyme. 
D)  the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of the enzyme.

Question 13

The sequence 5'- GAACGA'3' may be found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA only 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  neither DNA nor RNA 
A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA only 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  neither DNA nor RNA

Question 14

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. 
A)  transmit genetic information to offspring. 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.

Question 15

If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of thymine?

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  30 
C)  35 
D)  50 
A)  15 
B)  30 
C)  35 
D)  50

Question 16

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
A)  in the interior of the folded protein, away from water 
B)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water 
C)  in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains 
D)  on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains

Question 18

Figure 3.4
-During the synthesis of a polypeptide the next amino acid in the growing polymer is added to which functional group shown in Figure 3.4?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water 
B)  the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide bond with the release of water 
C)  the reaction of a fat with glycerol, forming fatty acids with the release of water 
D)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water 
A)  the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water 
B)  the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide bond with the release of water 
C)  the reaction of a fat with glycerol, forming fatty acids with the release of water 
D)  the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water

Question 20

Figure 3.12
-Which bond in Figure 3.12 is farthest from an carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?

Figure 3.5 -Which molecules shown in Figure 3.5 contain a carbonyl group?

DNase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNase?

Which of the following is the smallest carbohydrate?

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Which of the following polymers lacks nitrogen?

The primary functional groups in a common macromolecule are hydroxyl groups. Which of the following statements regarding this macromolecule is true?

There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?

If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

Figure 3.4 -Which functional group shown in Figure 3.4 is characteristic of alcohols?

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, the atoms joined to the carbons form a

Lactase is an enzyme composed of a single polypeptide that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose to produce monosaccharides. The optimal pH for lactase activity is 6. Transfer of lactase to pH 5 results in a substantial decrease in enzyme activity, likely due to the disruption of

The sequence 5'- GAACGA'3' may be found in which of the following?

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

If a DNA sample were composed of 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of thymine?

Figure 3.5 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?

Figure 3.4 -During the synthesis of a polypeptide the next amino acid in the growing polymer is added to which functional group shown in Figure 3.4?

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Figure 3.12 -Which bond in Figure 3.12 is farthest from an carbon?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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