Question 1

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level. 
A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level.

Question 2

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl

Question 3

Collagen is a protein made of three identical polypeptides composed primarily of α helix structure. The α helix is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary structure stabilized by covalent bonds. 
B)  secondary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds. 
C)  secondary structure stabilized by ionic bonds. 
D)  tertiary structure stabilized by covalent bonds. 
E)  tertiary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds. 
A)  secondary structure stabilized by covalent bonds. 
B)  secondary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds. 
C)  secondary structure stabilized by ionic bonds. 
D)  tertiary structure stabilized by covalent bonds. 
E)  tertiary structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following will result in changing the orientation of bonds between carbon and other atoms from a tetrahedral configuration to a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of single covalent bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence of single covalent bonds with nitrogen atoms 
C)  the presence of double covalent bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
D)  the presence of polar covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
A)  the presence of single covalent bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence of single covalent bonds with nitrogen atoms 
C)  the presence of double covalent bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
D)  the presence of polar covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms

Question 5

Figure 3.3
-Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain only nonpolar single covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  B and C 
D)  B and D 
E)  B and E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  B and C 
D)  B and D 
E)  B and E

Question 6

Why are the vertebrate sex hormones estradiol and testosterone considered to be lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are essential components of cell membranes. 
B)  Their carbon skeletons are composed of primarily C-C and C-H bonds. 
C)  They are made of fatty acids. 
D)  They are hydrophilic compounds. 
A)  They are essential components of cell membranes. 
B)  Their carbon skeletons are composed of primarily C-C and C-H bonds. 
C)  They are made of fatty acids. 
D)  They are hydrophilic compounds.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding saturated fatty acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. 
B)  They have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids. 
C)  They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. 
D)  They are usually liquid at room temperature. 
E)  They are usually produced by plants. 
A)  They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. 
B)  They have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids. 
C)  They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. 
D)  They are usually liquid at room temperature. 
E)  They are usually produced by plants.

Question 8

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 9

Figure 3.9
-Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9 is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  It is an entirely nonpolar molecule. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is highly soluble in water. 
A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  It is an entirely nonpolar molecule. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is highly soluble in water.

Question 10

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can form a covalent bond between side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharide/polypeptide 
B)  amino acid/polysaccharide 
C)  amino acid/polypeptide 
D)  glycerol/triglyceride 
A)  monosaccharide/polypeptide 
B)  amino acid/polysaccharide 
C)  amino acid/polypeptide 
D)  glycerol/triglyceride

Question 12

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 433 amino acids would

Accepted Answer

A)  always alter the primary structure of the protein but never alter its tertiary structure or function. 
B)  always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function. 
C)  always alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but never alter its function. 
D)  sometimes alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but always alter its function. 
A)  always alter the primary structure of the protein but never alter its tertiary structure or function. 
B)  always alter the primary structure of the protein and sometimes alter its tertiary structure or function. 
C)  always alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but never alter its function. 
D)  sometimes alter the primary and tertiary structure of the protein but always alter its function.

Question 13

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides.
Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  DNA 
D)  RNA

Question 14

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  5-'TAACGT-3'. 
B)  5'-TGCAAT-3'. 
C)  5'-UAACGU-3'. 
D)  3'-UAACGU-5'. 
A)  5-'TAACGT-3'. 
B)  5'-TGCAAT-3'. 
C)  5'-UAACGU-3'. 
D)  3'-UAACGU-5'.

Question 15

A food company wishes to convert corn oil into a spread that is solid at room temperature. One way to accomplish this goal would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
B)  remove hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
C)  add hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
D)  add hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
A)  remove hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
B)  remove hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
C)  add hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules. 
D)  add hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the oil molecules.

Question 16

Figure 3.3
-Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  C and D 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and E 
A)  A 
B)  C and D 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  C and E

Question 17

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are synthesized from monomers by hydrolysis reactions. 
B)  are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. 
C)  are synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds between monomers. 
D)  are broken down into their subunits by dehydration reactions. 
A)  are synthesized from monomers by hydrolysis reactions. 
B)  are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. 
C)  are synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds between monomers. 
D)  are broken down into their subunits by dehydration reactions.

Question 18

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)  the addition of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the release of a water molecule. 
A)  the addition of a water molecule. 
B)  the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. 
C)  the addition of a nitrogen atom. 
D)  the release of a water molecule.

Question 19

Figure 3.6
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 20

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate 
E)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate 
E)  hydroxyl

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Which of the following functional groups is hydrophobic?

Collagen is a protein made of three identical polypeptides composed primarily of α helix structure. The α helix is an example of

Which of the following will result in changing the orientation of bonds between carbon and other atoms from a tetrahedral configuration to a planar configuration?

Figure 3.3 -Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain only nonpolar single covalent bonds?

Why are the vertebrate sex hormones estradiol and testosterone considered to be lipids?

Which of the following statements regarding saturated fatty acids is true?

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can function as a base?

Figure 3.9 -Which of the following statements regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9 is true?

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 can form a covalent bond between side chains (R groups) in a polypeptide?

Which of the following is a correct monomer/polymer pairing?

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 433 amino acids would

Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety?

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'-ATTGCA-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

A food company wishes to convert corn oil into a spread that is solid at room temperature. One way to accomplish this goal would be to

Figure 3.3 -Which of the structures illustrated in Figure 3.3 contain(s) a carbonyl functional group?

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they

The biochemical reaction that joins two amino acids to form a dipeptide is accompanied by

Figure 3.6 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.6 contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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