Question 1

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 2

Figure 3.4
-Which two functional groups shown in Figure 3.4 are present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  A and D 
C)  B and D 
D)  C and D 
E)  C and E 
A)  A and B 
B)  A and D 
C)  B and D 
D)  C and D 
E)  C and E

Question 3

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B)  is a five-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar. 
C)  is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
D)  contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA. 
A)  is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B)  is a five-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a six-carbon sugar. 
C)  is in the α configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the β configuration. 
D)  contains one less oxygen atom than the sugar in RNA.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They generally contain nitrogen. 
B)  They are made from glycerol and amino acids. 
C)  A gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. 
D)  They are insoluble in water. 
A)  They generally contain nitrogen. 
B)  They are made from glycerol and amino acids. 
C)  A gram of lipid stores less energy than a gram of carbohydrate. 
D)  They are insoluble in water.

Question 5

The α helix and β pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in plants than in animals. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They are generally solid at room temperature. 
D)  They contain fewer hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
A)  They are more common in plants than in animals. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They are generally solid at room temperature. 
D)  They contain fewer hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

Question 7

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the pH 
B)  hydrolysis reactions 
C)  dehydration reactions 
D)  the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers 
A)  decreasing the pH 
B)  hydrolysis reactions 
C)  dehydration reactions 
D)  the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers

Question 8

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 9

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids 
B)  hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C)  disulfide bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
D)  hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
A)  peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids 
B)  hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond 
C)  disulfide bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid 
D)  hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one peptide bond and the R group of another amino acid

Question 10

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the

Accepted Answer

A)  linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
B)  localized region of a polypeptide chain that forms an α helix or β pleated sheet. 
C)  overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide. 
D)  overall three-dimensional shape of a protein composed of more than one polypeptide. 
A)  linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
B)  localized region of a polypeptide chain that forms an α helix or β pleated sheet. 
C)  overall three-dimensional shape of a fully folded polypeptide. 
D)  overall three-dimensional shape of a protein composed of more than one polypeptide.

Question 11

Which of the following functional groups may be used to form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  only hydroxyl groups 
B)  only carbonyl groups 
C)  only carboxyl groups 
D)  either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups 
E)  either carbonyl or carboxyl groups 
A)  only hydroxyl groups 
B)  only carbonyl groups 
C)  only carboxyl groups 
D)  either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups 
E)  either carbonyl or carboxyl groups

Question 12

Figure 3.7
-If two of the molecules shown in Figure 3.7 were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the bond that is formed may be found in which of the following polymers?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  chitin 
D)  polypeptide 
E)  nucleic acid 
A)  cellulose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  chitin 
D)  polypeptide 
E)  nucleic acid

Question 13

Figure 3.9
-  Figure 3.11
Which of the following statements regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11 is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B)  It results in a peptide bond. 
C)  It forms a disaccharide. 
D)  It forms two amino acids. 
A)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B)  It results in a peptide bond. 
C)  It forms a disaccharide. 
D)  It forms two amino acids.

Question 14

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chitin 
D)  starch and chitin 
A)  starch 
B)  cellulose 
C)  chitin 
D)  starch and chitin

Question 15

Which of the following molecules lacks amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  insulin 
C)  antibodies 
D)  spider silk 
E)  cholesterol 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  insulin 
C)  antibodies 
D)  spider silk 
E)  cholesterol

Question 16

Figure 3.12
-Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 17

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. 
B)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
C)  Dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers. 
D)  Dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers. 
A)  Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers. 
B)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. 
C)  Dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers. 
D)  Dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers.

Question 18

Figure 3.3
-In which structure(s) illustrated in Figure 3.3 are all bonds with hydrogen polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  only A 
B)  A and D 
C)  A and E 
D)  only D 
E)  none of the structures 
A)  only A 
B)  A and D 
C)  A and E 
D)  only D 
E)  none of the structures

Question 19

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA only 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  neither DNA nor RNA 
A)  DNA only 
B)  RNA only 
C)  either DNA or RNA 
D)  neither DNA nor RNA

Question 20

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C60H120O60 
B)  C60H102O51 
C)  C60H100O50 
D)  C60H111O51 
A)  C60H120O60 
B)  C60H102O51 
C)  C60H100O50 
D)  C60H111O51

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Figure 3.5 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Figure 3.4 -Which two functional groups shown in Figure 3.4 are present in all amino acids?

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Which of the following statements regarding lipids is true?

The α helix and β pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is true?

What is a common chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups in Figure 3.4 is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the

Which of the following functional groups may be used to form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Figure 3.7 -If two of the molecules shown in Figure 3.7 were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the bond that is formed may be found in which of the following polymers?

Figure 3.9 - Figure 3.11 Which of the following statements regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 3.11 is true?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

Which of the following molecules lacks amino acids?

Figure 3.12 -Which bond in Figure 3.12 is closest to the amino-terminus of the molecule?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Figure 3.3 -In which structure(s) illustrated in Figure 3.3 are all bonds with hydrogen polar covalent bonds?

The sequence 5'-GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following?

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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