Question 1

How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unsaturated fatty acid tails will become saturated. 
B)  Proteins will unfold (denature). 
C)  Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. 
D)  Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids. 
A)  Unsaturated fatty acid tails will become saturated. 
B)  Proteins will unfold (denature). 
C)  Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. 
D)  Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids.

Question 2

A nutritional supplement developed for athletes is shown to contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Based on these data, you may safely conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  the food may contain carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. 
B)  the food may contain carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 
C)  the food may contain carbohydrates, phospholipids, and protein. 
D)  the food may contain carbohydrates and lipids, but not protein. 
A)  the food may contain carbohydrates, lipids, and protein. 
B)  the food may contain carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 
C)  the food may contain carbohydrates, phospholipids, and protein. 
D)  the food may contain carbohydrates and lipids, but not protein.

Question 3

Figure 3.9
-  Figure 3.10
What is the structure shown in Figure 3.10?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid molecule 
B)  steroid molecule 
C)  triacylglycerol molecule 
D)  phospholipid molecule 
A)  fatty acid molecule 
B)  steroid molecule 
C)  triacylglycerol molecule 
D)  phospholipid molecule

Question 4

How many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 45 amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  90 
B)  46 
C)  45 
D)  44 
A)  90 
B)  46 
C)  45 
D)  44

Question 5

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 6

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids only 
B)  nucleic acids only 
C)  proteins only 
D)  both fatty acids and proteins 
E)  both proteins and nucleic acids 
A)  fatty acids only 
B)  nucleic acids only 
C)  proteins only 
D)  both fatty acids and proteins 
E)  both proteins and nucleic acids

Question 7

Figure 3.7
-Which of the following describes the molecule shown in Figure 3.7?

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose 
B)  fructose 
C)  α glucose 
D)  β glucose 
E)  ribose 
A)  pentose 
B)  fructose 
C)  α glucose 
D)  β glucose 
E)  ribose

Question 8

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  disulfide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  peptide bonds 
D)  phosphodiester bonds 
A)  disulfide bonds 
B)  hydrogen bonds 
C)  peptide bonds 
D)  phosphodiester bonds

Question 9

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl and carboxyl 
B)  carbonyl and amino 
C)  ketone and amino 
D)  carboxyl and amino 
A)  hydroxyl and carboxyl 
B)  carbonyl and amino 
C)  ketone and amino 
D)  carboxyl and amino

Question 10

Which of the following compounds are formed by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  triacylglycerols 
B)  monosaccharides 
C)  amino acids 
D)  fatty acids 
A)  triacylglycerols 
B)  monosaccharides 
C)  amino acids 
D)  fatty acids

Question 11

Figure 3.2
What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl 
A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
E)  hydroxyl

Question 12

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B)  120 adenine and 120 guanine molecules. 
C)  120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D)  120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. 
A)  120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B)  120 adenine and 120 guanine molecules. 
C)  120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D)  120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules.

Question 13

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, how many electron pairs are shared between the two carbons?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 14

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and thymine 
B)  adenine and guanine 
C)  cytosine and uracil 
D)  cytosine and guanine 
A)  adenine and thymine 
B)  adenine and guanine 
C)  cytosine and uracil 
D)  cytosine and guanine

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5' end has a nitrogenous base attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
A)  The 5' end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5' end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5' end has a nitrogenous base attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Question 16

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is the primary ingredient in margarine. How does hydrogenated vegetable oil differ from nonhydrogenated vegetable oil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. 
B)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid. 
C)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil has more kinks in its fatty acid chains than does nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. 
D)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil contains more cis fatty acids than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. 
A)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. 
B)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil is solid at room temperature, whereas nonhydrogenated vegetable oil is liquid. 
C)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil has more kinks in its fatty acid chains than does nonhydrogenated vegetable oil. 
D)  Hydrogenated vegetable oil contains more cis fatty acids than nonhydrogenated vegetable oil.

Question 17

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  as a pentose 
B)  as a hexose 
C)  as a monosaccharide 
D)  as a disaccharide 
E)  as a polysaccharide 
A)  as a pentose 
B)  as a hexose 
C)  as a monosaccharide 
D)  as a disaccharide 
E)  as a polysaccharide

Question 18

The side chain (R group) of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serine would be on the exterior, and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. 
B)  Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. 
C)  Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. 
D)  Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. 
A)  Serine would be on the exterior, and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. 
B)  Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. 
C)  Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. 
D)  Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

Question 19

On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  glycogen 
A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  glycogen

Question 20

Figure 3.1
The two molecules shown in Figure 3.1 are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  optical isomers. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  cis-trans isomers. 
A)  optical isomers. 
B)  enantiomers. 
C)  structural isomers. 
D)  cis-trans isomers.

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

How will brief heating (to 95°C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

A nutritional supplement developed for athletes is shown to contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Based on these data, you may safely conclude that

Figure 3.9 - Figure 3.10 What is the structure shown in Figure 3.10?

How many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 45 amino acids?

Figure 3.5 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled?

Figure 3.7 -Which of the following describes the molecule shown in Figure 3.7?

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Which of the following compounds are formed by dehydration reactions?

Figure 3.2 What is the name of the functional group shown in Figure 3.2?

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, how many electron pairs are shared between the two carbons?

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Hydrogenated vegetable oil is the primary ingredient in margarine. How does hydrogenated vegetable oil differ from nonhydrogenated vegetable oil?

Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?

The side chain (R group) of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?

Figure 3.1 The two molecules shown in Figure 3.1 are best described as

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters