Question 1

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  water's change in density when it condenses 
B)  water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air 
C)  the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds 
D)  the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds 
A)  water's change in density when it condenses 
B)  water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air 
C)  the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds 
D)  the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

Question 2

An atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behavior in bonding with other elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B)  It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C)  It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D)  It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E)  It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms. 
A)  It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B)  It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C)  It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D)  It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E)  It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 3

Figure 2.6
-What results from the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 2.6?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cation with a net charge of +1 
B)  a cation with a net charge of -1 
C)  an anion with a net charge of +1 
D)  an anion with a net charge of -1 
E)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1 
A)  a cation with a net charge of +1 
B)  a cation with a net charge of -1 
C)  an anion with a net charge of +1 
D)  an anion with a net charge of -1 
E)  a cation with a net charge of +1 and an anion with a net charge of -1

Question 4

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Therefore, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  The isotopes of molybdenum have different electron configurations. 
C)  The isotopes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
D)  The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 neutrons and have different electron configurations. 
E)  The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 protons and have different electron configurations. 
A)  Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons. 
B)  The isotopes of molybdenum have different electron configurations. 
C)  The isotopes of molybdenum can have between 50 and 58 protons. 
D)  The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 neutrons and have different electron configurations. 
E)  The isotopes of molybdenum have between 50 and 58 protons and have different electron configurations.

Question 5

How many glucose molecules are contained in 1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.02 × 1023 
B)  3.01 × 1023 
C)  6.02 × 1024 
D)  12.04 × 1023 
E)  6.02 × 1022 
A)  6.02 × 1023 
B)  3.01 × 1023 
C)  6.02 × 1024 
D)  12.04 × 1023 
E)  6.02 × 1022

Question 6

Which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric juice at pH 2 
B)  vinegar at pH 3 
C)  tomato juice at pH 4 
D)  black coffee at pH 5 
E)  household bleach at pH 12 
A)  gastric juice at pH 2 
B)  vinegar at pH 3 
C)  tomato juice at pH 4 
D)  black coffee at pH 5 
E)  household bleach at pH 12

Question 7

Which of the following are considered compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂O, O₂, and CH4 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  O₂ and CH4 
D)  CH4 and O₂, but not H₂O 
E)  H₂O and CH4, but not O₂ 
A)  H₂O, O₂, and CH4 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  O₂ and CH4 
D)  CH4 and O₂, but not H₂O 
E)  H₂O and CH4, but not O₂

Question 8

The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of neutrons in the nucleus 
B)  the number of protons in the nucleus 
C)  the number of electrons in the valence shell 
D)  the total number of electrons contained by the atom 
E)  the number of electron shells contained by the atom 
A)  the number of neutrons in the nucleus 
B)  the number of protons in the nucleus 
C)  the number of electrons in the valence shell 
D)  the total number of electrons contained by the atom 
E)  the number of electron shells contained by the atom

Question 9

An equal volume (5 mL) of milk of magnesia from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the lowest pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL of pure water 
B)  100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D)  100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M bleach 
A)  100 mL of pure water 
B)  100 mL of freshly brewed coffee 
C)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M ammonia 
D)  100 mL of freshly squeezed lemon juice 
E)  100 mL of household cleanser containing 0.5 M bleach

Question 10

One of the buffers that contributes to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus,
H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+
If the pH of the blood increases, one would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-. 
B)  an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3-. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of H+. 
D)  an increase in the concentration of HCO3- and a decrease in the concentration of OH-. 
E)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of both H2CO3 and H+. 
A)  a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-. 
B)  an increase in the concentration of H2CO3 and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3-. 
C)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of H+. 
D)  an increase in the concentration of HCO3- and a decrease in the concentration of OH-. 
E)  a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- and an increase in the concentration of both H2CO3 and H+.

Question 11

Which of the following dissociates completely in aqueous solution and is therefore considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

Accepted Answer

A)  NaCl 
B)  HCl 
C)  NH3 
D)  H2CO3 
E)  NaOH 
A)  NaCl 
B)  HCl 
C)  NH3 
D)  H2CO3 
E)  NaOH

Question 12

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds 
B)  both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic bonds 
B)  both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  both polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds

Question 13

An ionic bond is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B)  sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C)  sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D)  transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 
E)  transfer of a proton from one atom to another. 
A)  sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. 
B)  sharing of a single electron between two atoms. 
C)  sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms. 
D)  transfer of an electron from one atom to another. 
E)  transfer of a proton from one atom to another.

Question 14

A strong acid like HCl

Accepted Answer

A)  dissociates completely in an aqueous solution. 
B)  increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution. 
C)  reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution. 
D)  is a strong buffer at low pH. 
E)  is a strong buffer at high pH. 
A)  dissociates completely in an aqueous solution. 
B)  increases the pH when added to an aqueous solution. 
C)  reacts with strong bases to create a buffered solution. 
D)  is a strong buffer at low pH. 
E)  is a strong buffer at high pH.

Question 15

Argon has atomic number 18. Which of the following statements about argon is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B)  It is inert. 
C)  It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons. 
D)  It has six valence electrons. 
E)  It resides in the first column of the periodic table. 
A)  It has 10 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B)  It is inert. 
C)  It has an atomic mass of 18 daltons. 
D)  It has six valence electrons. 
E)  It resides in the first column of the periodic table.

Question 16

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. 
B)  It is a strong base that ionizes completely in water. 
C)  It is a weak acid. 
D)  It is a weak base. 
E)  It is a buffer. 
A)  It is a strong acid that ionizes completely in water. 
B)  It is a strong base that ionizes completely in water. 
C)  It is a weak acid. 
D)  It is a weak base. 
E)  It is a buffer.

Question 17

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 18

Figure 2.6
-Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 19

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lakes don't freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures. 
B)  A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E)  Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants. 
A)  Lakes don't freeze solid in winter despite low temperatures. 
B)  A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. 
E)  Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants.

Question 20

Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by

Accepted Answer

A)  releasing H+ to a solution when acids are added. 
B)  accepting OH- to a solution when bases are added. 
C)  releasing OH- to a solution when bases are added. 
D)  accepting H+ from a solution when acids are added. 
E)  accepting OH- from a solution when acids are added. 
A)  releasing H+ to a solution when acids are added. 
B)  accepting OH- to a solution when bases are added. 
C)  releasing OH- to a solution when bases are added. 
D)  accepting H+ from a solution when acids are added. 
E)  accepting OH- from a solution when acids are added.

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

An atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behavior in bonding with other elements?

Figure 2.6 -What results from the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 2.6?

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. Therefore, which of the following is true?

How many glucose molecules are contained in 1 liter of a 10 M solution of glucose in water?

Which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH?

Which of the following are considered compounds?

The chemical behavior of an atom depends primarily upon which of the following?

An equal volume (5 mL) of milk of magnesia from a freshly opened bottle is added to each of the following solutions. After complete mixing, which of the mixtures will have the lowest pH?

Which of the following dissociates completely in aqueous solution and is therefore considered to be a strong base (alkali)?

Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?

An ionic bond is formed by

A strong acid like HCl

Argon has atomic number 18. Which of the following statements about argon is true?

A 0.01 M solution of a substance has a pH of 2. What can you conclude about this substance?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H2CO3. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

Figure 2.6 -Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water?

Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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