Exam 22: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Gluconeogenesis is not simply reversal of glycolysis since 2 pyruvate → glucose requires the input of ____ equivalents of ATP and ____ equivalents of GTP.

All are characteristics of AGEs EXCEPT:

All are physiological changes initiated by glucagon EXCEPT:

Which of the following is absolutely essential for the activation of pyruvate carboxylase?

Which of the following enzymes would be activated by phosphorylation as a result of glucagon binding to its receptor on the cell membrane?

The initiation of glycogen synthesis occurs by transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to the:

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of:

____ phosphorylates and thus ____ the enzyme PFK-2 which simultaneously ____ F-2,6-BPase.

Which of the following reactions represents the gluconeogenic alternative to the irreversible reaction of PFK-1 in glycolysis?

What coenzyme is found in pyruvate carboxylase that aids in many carboxylation reactions?

If levels of ____ and/or ____ are low, pyruvate is directed primarily into ____; but if they are high, pyruvate is converted into ____ for gluconeogenesis.

The major tissues carrying out gluconeogenesis are the ____ and ____.

Physiological effects of insulin include all EXCEPT:

How is glucose-6-phosphate converted to glucose in the gluconeogenesis pathway?​

All of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis may be found in the cytosol EXCEPT ____ which is only found in the mitochondria.

Which of the following effectors is required for glycogen synthase activity when the enzyme is phosphorylated?

Phosphopentose isomerase is quite similar to the reaction and mechanism of the ____ catalyzed reaction.

Glycogen synthesis and degradation must be carefully controlled at ____ and ____ to properly serve the metabolic needs for the organism.

Describe the degradation of limit dextrins that result after α-amylase acts on glycogen.​

Which of the following enzymes is found in gluconeogenesis but not glycolysis?