Question 1

All are characteristic of acetyl-CoA carboxylase EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA. 
B)  biotin carboxylase and transcarboxylase subunits. 
C)  biotin carboxyl carrier protein subunits. 
D)  citrate shifts the enzyme toward the active polymer. 
E)  all are correct. 
A)  allosteric inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA. 
B)  biotin carboxylase and transcarboxylase subunits. 
C)  biotin carboxyl carrier protein subunits. 
D)  citrate shifts the enzyme toward the active polymer. 
E)  all are correct.

Question 2

E. coli does NOT have any ____ fatty acids, plants can introduce double bonds into fatty acids between Δ9 and the ____-end of the chain, while mammals can only introduce double bonds between Δ9 and the ____-end of the chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated; carboxyl; methyl 
B)  mono-unsaturated; carboxyl; methyl 
C)  polyunsaturated; carboxyl; methyl 
D)  polyunsaturated; methyl; carboxyl 
E)  saturated; methyl; carboxyl 
A)  saturated; carboxyl; methyl 
B)  mono-unsaturated; carboxyl; methyl 
C)  polyunsaturated; carboxyl; methyl 
D)  polyunsaturated; methyl; carboxyl 
E)  saturated; methyl; carboxyl

Question 3

All are true for the action of cortisol EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in liver. 
B)  inhibits protein synthesis and stimulates protein degradation in muscle. 
C)  inhibits allergic and inflammatory responses. 
D)  exerts an immunosuppressive effect and an inhibition of wound healing. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in liver. 
B)  inhibits protein synthesis and stimulates protein degradation in muscle. 
C)  inhibits allergic and inflammatory responses. 
D)  exerts an immunosuppressive effect and an inhibition of wound healing. 
E)  all are true.

Question 4

Which of the following molecules would have an inhibitory effect upon the overall process of fatty acid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate 
B)  insulin 
C)  palmitoyl CoA 
D)  NADPH 
E)  none of the above 
A)  citrate 
B)  insulin 
C)  palmitoyl CoA 
D)  NADPH 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following lipoproteins is INCORRECTLY defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  chylomicron: transport of dietary lipids to the liver 
B)  HDL: scavenger of extra-hepatic cholesterol 
C)  LDL: transport of cholesterol to extra-hepatic tissue 
D)  VLDL: transport of triacylglycerols from the liver 
E)  all of the above are correct 
A)  chylomicron: transport of dietary lipids to the liver 
B)  HDL: scavenger of extra-hepatic cholesterol 
C)  LDL: transport of cholesterol to extra-hepatic tissue 
D)  VLDL: transport of triacylglycerols from the liver 
E)  all of the above are correct

Question 6

Discuss the condensation of two farnesyl pyrophospahates to produce squalene.​

Accepted Answer

The joining of two farnesyl pyrophosphat

Question 7

____ is an intermediate on the biosynthetic pathway from cholesterol to both male and female hormones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Progesterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Estradiol 
E)  Testosterone 
A)  Aldosterone 
B)  Progesterone 
C)  Cortisol 
D)  Estradiol 
E)  Testosterone

Question 8

Components for plasmalogen biosynthesis include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  CDP-ethanolamine. 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA. 
C)  NADPH, NADH and O2. 
D)  long-chain alcohol. 
E)  glycerol. 
A)  CDP-ethanolamine. 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA. 
C)  NADPH, NADH and O2. 
D)  long-chain alcohol. 
E)  glycerol.

Question 9

Which of the following CANNOT be made from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetoacetate 
D)  squalene 
E)  palmitate 
A)  cholesterol 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetoacetate 
D)  squalene 
E)  palmitate

Question 10

How does phosphorylation affect the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?​

Accepted Answer

The regulatory effects of citrate and pa

Question 11

The main source(s) of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis is (are):

Accepted Answer

A)  TCA cycle. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  the conversion of OAA to malate by malate dehydrogenase. 
E)  glycolysis. 
A)  TCA cycle. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
C)  malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway. 
D)  the conversion of OAA to malate by malate dehydrogenase. 
E)  glycolysis.

Question 12

Characteristics of squalene monooxygenase include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  requires a soluble protein activator. 
B)  bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 
C)  uses FAD and NADPH. 
D)  requires O2. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  requires a soluble protein activator. 
B)  bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 
C)  uses FAD and NADPH. 
D)  requires O2. 
E)  all are true.

Question 13

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase in animals is regulated by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  allosterically stimulated by citrate. 
B)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A. 
C)  allosterically inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA. 
D)  allosterically stimulated by ATP. 
E)  all are correct. 
A)  allosterically stimulated by citrate. 
B)  phosphorylation by protein kinase A. 
C)  allosterically inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA. 
D)  allosterically stimulated by ATP. 
E)  all are correct.

Question 14

Discuss sphingolipids and their synthesis.​

Accepted Answer

Sphingolipids, ubiquitous components of

Question 15

Insulin promotes the ____ of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and ____ of triacylglycerol lipase by ____ the phosphodiesterases that converts cAMP to AMP.

Accepted Answer

A)  activation; inactivation; stimulating 
B)  inactivation; activation; stimulating 
C)  inactivation; activation; inhibiting 
D)  activation; inactivation; inhibiting 
E)  none are true 
A)  activation; inactivation; stimulating 
B)  inactivation; activation; stimulating 
C)  inactivation; activation; inhibiting 
D)  activation; inactivation; inhibiting 
E)  none are true

Question 16

How many NADPH are required to make one molecule of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  8 
C)  14 
D)  16 
E)  21 
A)  7 
B)  8 
C)  14 
D)  16 
E)  21

Question 17

Reducing equivalents derived from glycolysis in the form of NADH can be transformed into ____ for fatty acid biosynthesis by the combined actions of ____ and ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme 
B)  NADPH; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme. 
C)  ATP; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme 
D)  NADH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase 
E)  NADPH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase 
A)  NADPH; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme 
B)  NADPH; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme. 
C)  ATP; malate dehydrogenase; malic enzyme 
D)  NADH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase 
E)  NADPH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase

Question 18

Which of the following is correctly paired with its precursor?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol → palmitic acid 
B)  arachidonic acid → prostaglandins 
C)  testosterone → progesterone 
D)  aldosterone → cholic acid 
E)  none of the above 
A)  cholesterol → palmitic acid 
B)  arachidonic acid → prostaglandins 
C)  testosterone → progesterone 
D)  aldosterone → cholic acid 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

The general genetic defect responsible for ____ is the absence or dysfunction of ____ in the body such that blood cholesterol levels are typically 300 to over 800 mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypocholesterolemia; triacylglycerol lipase 
B)  hypercholesterolemia; lipoprotein lipase 
C)  LCAT; LDL receptors 
D)  familial hypercholesterolemia; LDL receptors 
E)  familial hypocholesterolemia; HDL receptors 
A)  hypocholesterolemia; triacylglycerol lipase 
B)  hypercholesterolemia; lipoprotein lipase 
C)  LCAT; LDL receptors 
D)  familial hypercholesterolemia; LDL receptors 
E)  familial hypocholesterolemia; HDL receptors

Question 20

Properties of progesterone include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  produced from pregnenolone in ER. 
B)  synthesis in the adrenal cortex activated by ACTH. 
C)  prepares the uterus for attachment of a fertilized ovum. 
D)  secreted from corpus luteum in late menstrual cycle. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  produced from pregnenolone in ER. 
B)  synthesis in the adrenal cortex activated by ACTH. 
C)  prepares the uterus for attachment of a fertilized ovum. 
D)  secreted from corpus luteum in late menstrual cycle. 
E)  all are true.

Exam 24: Lipid Biosynthesis

All are characteristic of acetyl-CoA carboxylase EXCEPT:

E. coli does NOT have any ____ fatty acids, plants can introduce double bonds into fatty acids between Δ9 and the ____-end of the chain, while mammals can only introduce double bonds between Δ9 and the ____-end of the chain.

All are true for the action of cortisol EXCEPT:

Which of the following molecules would have an inhibitory effect upon the overall process of fatty acid synthesis?

Which of the following lipoproteins is INCORRECTLY defined?

Discuss the condensation of two farnesyl pyrophospahates to produce squalene.​

____ is an intermediate on the biosynthetic pathway from cholesterol to both male and female hormones.

Components for plasmalogen biosynthesis include all EXCEPT:

Which of the following CANNOT be made from acetyl CoA?

How does phosphorylation affect the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?​

The main source(s) of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis is (are):

Characteristics of squalene monooxygenase include all EXCEPT:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase in animals is regulated by all of the following EXCEPT:

Discuss sphingolipids and their synthesis.​

Insulin promotes the ____ of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and ____ of triacylglycerol lipase by ____ the phosphodiesterases that converts cAMP to AMP.

How many NADPH are required to make one molecule of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA?

Reducing equivalents derived from glycolysis in the form of NADH can be transformed into ____ for fatty acid biosynthesis by the combined actions of ____ and ____.

Which of the following is correctly paired with its precursor?

The general genetic defect responsible for ____ is the absence or dysfunction of ____ in the body such that blood cholesterol levels are typically 300 to over 800 mg/dL.

Properties of progesterone include all EXCEPT:

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

E. coli does NOT have any fatty acids, plants can introduce double bonds into fatty acids between Δ⁹ and the -end of the chain, while mammals can only introduce double bonds between Δ⁹ and the -end of the chain.

Discuss the condensation of two farnesyl pyrophospahates to produce squalene.

How does phosphorylation affect the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

Discuss sphingolipids and their synthesis.

Insulin promotes the of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and of triacylglycerol lipase by the phosphodiesterases that converts cAMP to AMP.

Reducing equivalents derived from glycolysis in the form of NADH can be transformed into for fatty acid biosynthesis by the combined actions of and .

The general genetic defect responsible for is the absence or dysfunction of in the body such that blood cholesterol levels are typically 300 to over 800 mg/dL.