Question 1

A constant availability of fuels in the blood is called ____ and the order of preference for fuel usage is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylation potential; glycogen> triacylglycerols> protein 
B)  fuel dynamics; triacylglycerols> glycogen> protein 
C)  metabolic regulation; triacylglycerols> glycogen> protein 
D)  caloric homeostasis; glycogen> triacylglycerols> protein 
E)  none are true 
A)  phosphorylation potential; glycogen> triacylglycerols> protein 
B)  fuel dynamics; triacylglycerols> glycogen> protein 
C)  metabolic regulation; triacylglycerols> glycogen> protein 
D)  caloric homeostasis; glycogen> triacylglycerols> protein 
E)  none are true

Question 2

Which of the following metabolic pathways is strictly anabolic?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  pentose phosphate cycle 
E)  β-oxidation of fatty acids 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  citric acid cycle 
D)  pentose phosphate cycle 
E)  β-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 3

In photoautotrophs, ____ are fed into catabolism to generate the metabolic intermediates needed to supply ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids; photorespiration 
B)  proteins; photorespiration 
C)  carbohydrates; anabolism 
D)  carbohydrates; NADPH 
E)  proteins; NADPH 
A)  lipids; photorespiration 
B)  proteins; photorespiration 
C)  carbohydrates; anabolism 
D)  carbohydrates; NADPH 
E)  proteins; NADPH

Question 4

All of the following are paired with their preferred substrate EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain: glucose 
B)  heart: fatty acids 
C)  resting skeletal muscle: glucose 
D)  anaerobic skeletal muscle: glucose 
E)  adipose tissue: fatty acids 
A)  brain: glucose 
B)  heart: fatty acids 
C)  resting skeletal muscle: glucose 
D)  anaerobic skeletal muscle: glucose 
E)  adipose tissue: fatty acids

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true for ATP stoichiometry in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a consequence of evolution, only. 
B)  A singular number is not required, only. 
C)  It results from biological adaptation, only. 
D)  It cannot be predicted from any chemical considerations, only. 
E)  All are true 
A)  It is a consequence of evolution, only. 
B)  A singular number is not required, only. 
C)  It results from biological adaptation, only. 
D)  It cannot be predicted from any chemical considerations, only. 
E)  All are true

Question 6

Which of the following comments regarding resveratrol is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  produced in plants, particularly in grape skins, in response to stress 
B)  activates SIRT1 NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity 
C)  inhibits AMPK in the brain 
D)  has many of the same effects as caloric restriction 
E)  all of the above are correct 
A)  produced in plants, particularly in grape skins, in response to stress 
B)  activates SIRT1 NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity 
C)  inhibits AMPK in the brain 
D)  has many of the same effects as caloric restriction 
E)  all of the above are correct

Question 7

During the fasting phase, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  release of hormones such as gastrin and cholecystokinin 
B)  release of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells 
C)  activation of lipolysis 
D)  production of glycogen 
E)  none of the above 
A)  release of hormones such as gastrin and cholecystokinin 
B)  release of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells 
C)  activation of lipolysis 
D)  production of glycogen 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following hormones that governs eating behavior is INCORRECTLY defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin: stimulation of adipocyte leptin production 
B)  leptin: appetite suppression when levels are high 
C)  ghrelin: released from stomach in response to food to further stimulate appetite 
D)  cholecystokinin: released from the intestines during eating to signal satiety 
E)  all are correct 
A)  insulin: stimulation of adipocyte leptin production 
B)  leptin: appetite suppression when levels are high 
C)  ghrelin: released from stomach in response to food to further stimulate appetite 
D)  cholecystokinin: released from the intestines during eating to signal satiety 
E)  all are correct

Question 9

Energy metabolism in the heart is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the preferred fuel is fatty acids. 
B)  it has minimal energy reserves. 
C)  it is unusually rich in mitochondria. 
D)  the heart consumes over 90% of the total oxygen supply during maximal physical exertion. 
E)  the range of activity is much less than that in muscle (200 fold). 
A)  the preferred fuel is fatty acids. 
B)  it has minimal energy reserves. 
C)  it is unusually rich in mitochondria. 
D)  the heart consumes over 90% of the total oxygen supply during maximal physical exertion. 
E)  the range of activity is much less than that in muscle (200 fold).

Question 10

The energy charge of healthy living cells is in the neighborhood of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.55-0.60 
B)  0.60-0.65 
C)  0.65-0.75 
D)  0.75-0.85 
E)  0.85-0.88 
A)  0.55-0.60 
B)  0.60-0.65 
C)  0.65-0.75 
D)  0.75-0.85 
E)  0.85-0.88

Question 11

All are major components of anabolic pathways EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH. 
B)  glycolysis and citric acid cycle intermediates. 
C)  ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP. 
D)  NADPH. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  NADH. 
B)  glycolysis and citric acid cycle intermediates. 
C)  ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP. 
D)  NADPH. 
E)  all are true.

Question 12

Which of the following enzymes is activated upon phosphorylation by AMP activated protein kinase?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA carboxylase 
B)  phosphofructokinase-2 
C)  glycogen synthase 
D)  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase 
E)  none of the above 
A)  acetyl CoA carboxylase 
B)  phosphofructokinase-2 
C)  glycogen synthase 
D)  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

​Discuss the role of ATP in metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The role of ATP in metabolism is two-fol

Question 14

Explain the regulatory function of SIRT1 in metabolism.​

Accepted Answer

SIRT1 participates in the transcriptiona

Question 15

Ethanol metabolism in liver is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pH levels due to lactic acidosis. 
B)  two oxidation steps to convert ethanol to acetate, both reactions produce NADH. 
C)  decreased gluconeogenesis activity resulting in hypoglycemia. 
D)  decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cell. 
E)  increased acetaldehyde-protein adducts impairing protein function. 
A)  decreased pH levels due to lactic acidosis. 
B)  two oxidation steps to convert ethanol to acetate, both reactions produce NADH. 
C)  decreased gluconeogenesis activity resulting in hypoglycemia. 
D)  decreased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cell. 
E)  increased acetaldehyde-protein adducts impairing protein function.

Question 16

Muscle contractions occur when a motor nerve impulse causes ____ release from specialized compartments, that bind to ____, a regulatory protein initiating events that result in sliding of ____ thick filaments along ____ thin filaments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe++; myoglobin; actin; myosin 
B)  Na+; troponin C; IGG; actin 
C)  Ca++; troponin C; myosin; actin 
D)  Ca++; calmodulin; PKC; PLC 
E)  K+; Na+/K+ ATPase; subunit-α; subunit-β 
A)  Fe++; myoglobin; actin; myosin 
B)  Na+; troponin C; IGG; actin 
C)  Ca++; troponin C; myosin; actin 
D)  Ca++; calmodulin; PKC; PLC 
E)  K+; Na+/K+ ATPase; subunit-α; subunit-β

Question 17

Regulatory enzymes, such as ____, in energy-producing pathways show greater activity at ____ energy charge.

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; low 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; low 
C)  pyruvate kinase; high 
D)  PFK-1; low 
E)  none of the above 
A)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; low 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; low 
C)  pyruvate kinase; high 
D)  PFK-1; low 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

____ is the principal energy source for protein synthesis, ____ for phospholipid synthesis, and ____ for polysaccharide synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  UTP; GTP; CTP 
B)  GTP; CTP; UTP 
C)  CTP; UTP; GTP 
D)  UTP; CTP; GTP 
E)  CTP; GTP; UTP 
A)  UTP; GTP; CTP 
B)  GTP; CTP; UTP 
C)  CTP; UTP; GTP 
D)  UTP; CTP; GTP 
E)  CTP; GTP; UTP

Question 19

During the feeding phase, which of the following pathways would be inhibited in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  fatty acid synthesis 
C)  pentose phosphate pathway 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  none of the above 
A)  glycogen synthesis 
B)  fatty acid synthesis 
C)  pentose phosphate pathway 
D)  gluconeogenesis 
E)  none of the above

Question 20

Adipocytes lack the enzyme ____ and thus require DHAP for triacylglycerol synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  DHAP reductase 
B)  glycerol kinase 
C)  acyldihydroxyacetonephosphate transferase 
D)  DHAP acyltransferase 
E)  carnitine acyl transferase 
A)  DHAP reductase 
B)  glycerol kinase 
C)  acyldihydroxyacetonephosphate transferase 
D)  DHAP acyltransferase 
E)  carnitine acyl transferase

Exam 27: Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

A constant availability of fuels in the blood is called ____ and the order of preference for fuel usage is ____.

Which of the following metabolic pathways is strictly anabolic?

In photoautotrophs, ____ are fed into catabolism to generate the metabolic intermediates needed to supply ____.

All of the following are paired with their preferred substrate EXCEPT:

Which of the following statements is true for ATP stoichiometry in metabolic pathways?

Which of the following comments regarding resveratrol is INCORRECT?

During the fasting phase, which of the following events occurs?

Which of the following hormones that governs eating behavior is INCORRECTLY defined?

Energy metabolism in the heart is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

The energy charge of healthy living cells is in the neighborhood of ____.

All are major components of anabolic pathways EXCEPT:

Which of the following enzymes is activated upon phosphorylation by AMP activated protein kinase?

​Discuss the role of ATP in metabolism.

Explain the regulatory function of SIRT1 in metabolism.​

Ethanol metabolism in liver is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Muscle contractions occur when a motor nerve impulse causes ____ release from specialized compartments, that bind to ____, a regulatory protein initiating events that result in sliding of ____ thick filaments along ____ thin filaments.

Regulatory enzymes, such as ____, in energy-producing pathways show greater activity at ____ energy charge.

____ is the principal energy source for protein synthesis, ____ for phospholipid synthesis, and ____ for polysaccharide synthesis.

During the feeding phase, which of the following pathways would be inhibited in the liver?

Adipocytes lack the enzyme ____ and thus require DHAP for triacylglycerol synthesis.

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

A constant availability of fuels in the blood is called and the order of preference for fuel usage is .

In photoautotrophs, are fed into catabolism to generate the metabolic intermediates needed to supply .

Discuss the role of ATP in metabolism.

Explain the regulatory function of SIRT1 in metabolism.

Muscle contractions occur when a motor nerve impulse causes release from specialized compartments, that bind to , a regulatory protein initiating events that result in sliding of thick filaments along thin filaments.

Regulatory enzymes, such as , in energy-producing pathways show greater activity at energy charge.

is the principal energy source for protein synthesis, for phospholipid synthesis, and for polysaccharide synthesis.