Question 1

In eukaryotic cells, one of the protein kinases that acts on the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) to trigger DNA replication is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ORC. 
B)  MCM. 
C)  Cdc6p. 
D)  RLF. 
E)  cyclin B-CDK. 
A)  ORC. 
B)  MCM. 
C)  Cdc6p. 
D)  RLF. 
E)  cyclin B-CDK.

Question 2

Nitrous acid causes the oxidative deamination of cytosine producing uracil. What point mutation is the logical result?

Accepted Answer

A)  C-G to A-T, only 
B)  C-G to T-A, only 
C)  C-G to G-C, only 
D)  both a and b are correct 
E)  a, b and c are correct 
A)  C-G to A-T, only 
B)  C-G to T-A, only 
C)  C-G to G-C, only 
D)  both a and b are correct 
E)  a, b and c are correct

Question 3

Telomeres have all of the characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  G-rich nucleotide sequences. 
B)  structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. 
C)  eukaryotic counterpart to the prokaryotic γ-complex. 
D)  short (5-8 bp) tandemly repeated sequences. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  G-rich nucleotide sequences. 
B)  structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. 
C)  eukaryotic counterpart to the prokaryotic γ-complex. 
D)  short (5-8 bp) tandemly repeated sequences. 
E)  all are true.

Question 4

Progression through the cell cycle for eukaryotic cells is regulated through a series of ____ that depend on ____, produced at one phase and degraded at another, that bind ____ which regulate specific proteins by phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A)  checkpoints; cyclins; cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) 
B)  cyclins; phosphorylation; protein kinases 
C)  phosphorylations; cyclins; protein kinases 
D)  CDKs; cyclins; protein kinases 
E)  none are true 
A)  checkpoints; cyclins; cyclin dependent protein kinases (CDKs) 
B)  cyclins; phosphorylation; protein kinases 
C)  phosphorylations; cyclins; protein kinases 
D)  CDKs; cyclins; protein kinases 
E)  none are true

Question 5

All are characteristics of mammalian nucleotide excision repair EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar-phosphate backbone is cut in two places 
B)  the region of DNA excised is generally 27-29 bases in length 
C)  resulting gap is filled in by DNA polymerase β 
D)  DNA backbone is closed with DNA ligase 
E)  all are true 
A)  sugar-phosphate backbone is cut in two places 
B)  the region of DNA excised is generally 27-29 bases in length 
C)  resulting gap is filled in by DNA polymerase β 
D)  DNA backbone is closed with DNA ligase 
E)  all are true

Question 6

The region of immunoglobulins that form the structural site complementary to some part of an antigen's structure are:

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulin fold region. 
B)  hinge region. 
C)  constant heavy region. 
D)  hypervariable region. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  immunoglobulin fold region. 
B)  hinge region. 
C)  constant heavy region. 
D)  hypervariable region. 
E)  all are true.

Question 7

E. coli DNA polymerase I has ____ distinct catalytic active site(s) on its single polypeptide chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 8

Reverse transcriptases possess all of the following activities EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
B)  RNase H activity. 
C)  ssDNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
D)  dsDNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
B)  RNase H activity. 
C)  ssDNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
D)  dsDNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. 
E)  all are true.

Question 9

All are characteristics of RNA-directed DNA polymerase EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizes polynucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. 
B)  often uses a specific tRNA primer. 
C)  found in retroviruses. 
D)  also called reverse transcriptase. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  synthesizes polynucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. 
B)  often uses a specific tRNA primer. 
C)  found in retroviruses. 
D)  also called reverse transcriptase. 
E)  all are true.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true regarding E. coli replication on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  is primarily carried out by DNA polymerase I. 
B)  synthesized discontinuously. 
C)  performed in a 5'→3' direction of synthesis 
D)  initially synthesized as Okazaki fragments 
E)  requires the enzymes primase and DNA ligase 
A)  is primarily carried out by DNA polymerase I. 
B)  synthesized discontinuously. 
C)  performed in a 5'→3' direction of synthesis 
D)  initially synthesized as Okazaki fragments 
E)  requires the enzymes primase and DNA ligase

Question 11

The protein that moves along dsDNA using ATP-dependent helicase and nuclease activity during general recombination in E. coli is:

Accepted Answer

A)  RecA. 
B)  RuvB. 
C)  DNA polymerase I. 
D)  DNA ligase. 
E)  RecBCD complex. 
A)  RecA. 
B)  RuvB. 
C)  DNA polymerase I. 
D)  DNA ligase. 
E)  RecBCD complex.

Question 12

All are common forms of DNA damage EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  replication errors resulting in a missing or incorrect base. 
B)  bulges due to deletions or insertions. 
C)  UV-induced base alterations, such as pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  strand breaks at phosphodiester bonds or within deoxyribose rings. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  replication errors resulting in a missing or incorrect base. 
B)  bulges due to deletions or insertions. 
C)  UV-induced base alterations, such as pyrimidine dimers. 
D)  strand breaks at phosphodiester bonds or within deoxyribose rings. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 13

Mutations in BACA1 and BACA2 genes causes increased likelihood of ____ because BACA1 protein functions in regulation of the cell cycle in response to ____, and BACA2 protein participates in DNA repair by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  breast and ovarian cancer; DNA damage control; homologous recombination 
B)  breast and ovarian cancer; homologous recombination; DNA damage control 
C)  uterine cancer; transposition; homologous recombination 
D)  genetic recombination; transposition; homologous recombination 
E)  none are true 
A)  breast and ovarian cancer; DNA damage control; homologous recombination 
B)  breast and ovarian cancer; homologous recombination; DNA damage control 
C)  uterine cancer; transposition; homologous recombination 
D)  genetic recombination; transposition; homologous recombination 
E)  none are true

Question 14

A transition mutation would be replacing A by:

Accepted Answer

A)  T. 
B)  C. 
C)  U. 
D)  G. 
E)  either T or C 
A)  T. 
B)  C. 
C)  U. 
D)  G. 
E)  either T or C

Question 15

One function of the RecA protein in recombination events is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce an endonucleolytic nick on dsDNA. 
B)  aid in recognition of Chi site by the RecBCD complex. 
C)  initiate recombination. 
D)  catalyze the ATP-dependent DNA strand exchange reaction. 
E)  drive branch migration and process the Holliday junction into recombinant products. 
A)  produce an endonucleolytic nick on dsDNA. 
B)  aid in recognition of Chi site by the RecBCD complex. 
C)  initiate recombination. 
D)  catalyze the ATP-dependent DNA strand exchange reaction. 
E)  drive branch migration and process the Holliday junction into recombinant products.

Question 16

The correct sequence for homologous recombination steps is:
A.ligation.
B.branch migration and strand exchangE.
C.nicking.
D.EW or NS cleavage, resolution and re-ligation.
E.strand invasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  B, C, E, A, D 
B)  C, B, E, D, A 
C)  D, C, B, A, E 
D)  C, E, A, B, D 
E)  C, A, B, E, D 
A)  B, C, E, A, D 
B)  C, B, E, D, A 
C)  D, C, B, A, E 
D)  C, E, A, B, D 
E)  C, A, B, E, D

Question 17

All are characteristics of Okazaki fragments EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  newly synthesized short lagging strand fragments. 
B)  synthesis performed in the 5'→3' direction. 
C)  initiated with an RNA primer. 
D)  about 20-30 nucleotides in length. 
E)  binds anti-parallel to the template strand. 
A)  newly synthesized short lagging strand fragments. 
B)  synthesis performed in the 5'→3' direction. 
C)  initiated with an RNA primer. 
D)  about 20-30 nucleotides in length. 
E)  binds anti-parallel to the template strand.

Question 18

DNA polymerases share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  incoming bases are paired with corresponding bases on the template strand within the polymerase active site 
B)  polymerization proceeds in a 5'→3' direction 
C)  polymerization is antiparallel to template strand 
D)  strong processivity 
E)  polymerization is dependent upon the presence of an oligonucleotide primer 
A)  incoming bases are paired with corresponding bases on the template strand within the polymerase active site 
B)  polymerization proceeds in a 5'→3' direction 
C)  polymerization is antiparallel to template strand 
D)  strong processivity 
E)  polymerization is dependent upon the presence of an oligonucleotide primer

Question 19

Removal of RNA primer and replacement with DNA is carried out by:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase I. 
B)  DNA gyrase. 
C)  DNA polymerase III. 
D)  DNA ligase. 
E)  primerase. 
A)  DNA polymerase I. 
B)  DNA gyrase. 
C)  DNA polymerase III. 
D)  DNA ligase. 
E)  primerase.

Question 20

The degree to which the enzyme remains associated with the template through successive cycles of nucleotide addition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  processivity. 
B)  turn-over number. 
C)  progression. 
D)  semidiscontinuousness 
E)  dissociativity. 
A)  processivity. 
B)  turn-over number. 
C)  progression. 
D)  semidiscontinuousness 
E)  dissociativity.

Exam 28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

In eukaryotic cells, one of the protein kinases that acts on the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) to trigger DNA replication is:

Nitrous acid causes the oxidative deamination of cytosine producing uracil. What point mutation is the logical result?

Telomeres have all of the characteristics EXCEPT:

Progression through the cell cycle for eukaryotic cells is regulated through a series of ____ that depend on ____, produced at one phase and degraded at another, that bind ____ which regulate specific proteins by phosphorylation.

All are characteristics of mammalian nucleotide excision repair EXCEPT:

The region of immunoglobulins that form the structural site complementary to some part of an antigen's structure are:

E. coli DNA polymerase I has ____ distinct catalytic active site(s) on its single polypeptide chain.

Reverse transcriptases possess all of the following activities EXCEPT:

All are characteristics of RNA-directed DNA polymerase EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT true regarding E. coli replication on the lagging strand?

The protein that moves along dsDNA using ATP-dependent helicase and nuclease activity during general recombination in E. coli is:

All are common forms of DNA damage EXCEPT:

Mutations in BACA1 and BACA2 genes causes increased likelihood of ____ because BACA1 protein functions in regulation of the cell cycle in response to ____, and BACA2 protein participates in DNA repair by ____.

A transition mutation would be replacing A by:

One function of the RecA protein in recombination events is to:

The correct sequence for homologous recombination steps is: A.ligation. B.branch migration and strand exchangE. C.nicking. D.EW or NS cleavage, resolution and re-ligation. E.strand invasion.

All are characteristics of Okazaki fragments EXCEPT:

DNA polymerases share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Removal of RNA primer and replacement with DNA is carried out by:

The degree to which the enzyme remains associated with the template through successive cycles of nucleotide addition is referred to as:

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Progression through the cell cycle for eukaryotic cells is regulated through a series of that depend on , produced at one phase and degraded at another, that bind which regulate specific proteins by phosphorylation.

Mutations in BACA1 and BACA2 genes causes increased likelihood of because BACA1 protein functions in regulation of the cell cycle in response to , and BACA2 protein participates in DNA repair by .