Exam 9: Thinking

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship among mental representations, images, and propositions?

What does it mean to say that people are "loss averse"?

Which of the following is the term for "shortcut" judgment strategies?

Any time we try to solve a problem, judge the truth of an assertion, or weigh the costs and benefits of an important decision, we are engaging in __________.

Participants are asked to judge whether a string of letters forms a word in English. The first string they receive is the word violin. On a subsequent list of words, results show that the participants are substantially faster at answering "Yes" to the word piano than to the word toilet or basket. What does this result exemplify?

"Your goals should be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, and Realistic, with a Timeline," advises a text used in a freshman seminar text used at your college. The objective of this advice is BEST described as helping students to __________.

Solving an algebra problem is to improving one's marriage as __________ is to __________.

It has been a long day and Lana is tired. At this point, she will probably rely on __________ thinking in making judgments.

Say you meet a woman who opposes the death penalty, then decide that, generally, women are more likely to oppose the death penalty than are men. That is, you assume that the individual case is representative of its category. Here you have fallen prey to __________.

When people are asked which is more common, death by homicide or death by stroke, they often choose the former (homicide) because they simply hear more about it than they do the latter (stroke). This means they are being led astray in their judgment by __________.

In one version of the selection task, participants are told to turn over cards to verify the rule "If there is a vowel on one side of the card, there must be an even number on the other." One-third of the participants turn over only the card showing a vowel. This error may be seen as exemplifying __________.

Which of the following phenomena is NOT an obstacle to high-quality decision making?

With which concept is the Stroop effect most commonly associated?

Your text reports a study by Gilbert in which participants could choose a photograph to keep. Some participants had the option of revising their choice; others did not. What did the researchers find in this study?

Dr. Terwilliger asks a sample of undergraduates how they think they would feel after receiving a low grade on a test or assignment and how they think they would feel after receiving a high grade on a test or assignment. She then has the students record the nature and intensity of their feelings each time they receive a test or assignment grade for the remainder of the semester. Based on your text's discussion of affective forecasting, which pattern of results should Dr, Terwilliger find?

Which of the following individuals is CORRECTLY matched with the type of thinking he or she is demonstrating?

As compared to System I thinking, System II thinking is __________.

In a lexical decision task in which subjects must judge whether or not a string of letters forms a word in English, subjects are first shown the string BANANA. According to research on spreading activation, which of the subsequent strings will take the least time to be judged to be a real word?

Which of the following individuals is engaged in reasoning, as your text defines the term?

"All A are B. All B are C. Therefore all A are C." This is an example of a(n) __________.