Question 1

A jeweler is unable to fix a particular mounting in a ring because she can imagine only the conventional uses for her tools. This best demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hierarchical organization of thought 
B)  algorithmic thinking 
C)  representational thinking 
D)  mental set 
A)  a hierarchical organization of thought 
B)  algorithmic thinking 
C)  representational thinking 
D)  mental set

Question 2

Unlike images, words are typically __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogical 
B)  tangible 
C)  nonrepresentational 
D)  symbolic 
A)  analogical 
B)  tangible 
C)  nonrepresentational 
D)  symbolic

Question 3

Which phenomenon does the Stroop effect demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking 
B)  automatization 
C)  chaining 
D)  task transformation 
A)  chunking 
B)  automatization 
C)  chaining 
D)  task transformation

Question 4

Hans is listing the things he needs to do in order to get a term paper written. Hans is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reasoning 
B)  making a judgment 
C)  solving a problem 
D)  making a decision 
A)  reasoning 
B)  making a judgment 
C)  solving a problem 
D)  making a decision

Question 5

According to your text, determining the implications of our beliefs is the essence of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reasoning 
B)  thinking 
C)  judgment 
D)  problem solving 
A)  reasoning 
B)  thinking 
C)  judgment 
D)  problem solving

Question 6

Dr. van Doren varies the distance into the future and the importance of events and examines the influence of these variables on the accuracy of participants' affective forecasting. Which alternative below CORRECTLY names and identifies the variables in Dr. van Doren's research?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental variable-affective forecasting accuracy; control variables-event distance and importance 
B)  experimental variables-event distance and importance; control variable-affective forecasting accuracy 
C)  independent variables-event distance and importance; dependent variable-affective forecasting accuracy 
D)  independent variable-affective forecasting accuracy; dependent variables-event distance and importance 
A)  experimental variable-affective forecasting accuracy; control variables-event distance and importance 
B)  experimental variables-event distance and importance; control variable-affective forecasting accuracy 
C)  independent variables-event distance and importance; dependent variable-affective forecasting accuracy 
D)  independent variable-affective forecasting accuracy; dependent variables-event distance and importance

Question 7

When compared to a chess player who is competent but who is below the master level, at which type of memory is a chess master superior?

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking memory 
B)  visual memory 
C)  working memory 
D)  iconic memory 
A)  chunking memory 
B)  visual memory 
C)  working memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 8

Jonah is relying on what he calls his "gut instinct" to make an easy, immediate judgment. In terms of the dual-process theory, Jonah appears to be using __________ thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type A 
B)  Type B 
C)  System I 
D)  System II 
A)  Type A 
B)  Type B 
C)  System I 
D)  System II

Question 9

Zach and Aileen are hunting for condos. Zach selects a few that he likes and attempts to decide among them. Aileen insists on viewing every available condo she could potentially buy, and then tries to decide among them all. Zach is __________; Aileen is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  optimizing; satisficing 
B)  satisficing; optimizing 
C)  satisficing; satisficing as well 
D)  optimizing; optimizing as well 
A)  optimizing; satisficing 
B)  satisficing; optimizing 
C)  satisficing; satisficing as well 
D)  optimizing; optimizing as well

Question 10

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of the word think as it is typically studied by psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I think that the United States' policy toward Central America in the 1980s was immoral." 
B)  "I think she really is in love with me." 
C)  "I could not think of who John Locke was." 
D)  "I will try to think through the answer to that physics problem." 
A)  "I think that the United States' policy toward Central America in the 1980s was immoral." 
B)  "I think she really is in love with me." 
C)  "I could not think of who John Locke was." 
D)  "I will try to think through the answer to that physics problem."

Question 11

When you solve a crossword puzzle using certain mental shortcuts, you are using cognitive strategies called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms 
B)  System II processes 
C)  heuristics 
D)  associative linking methods 
A)  algorithms 
B)  System II processes 
C)  heuristics 
D)  associative linking methods

Question 12

Which of the following statements best reflects your text's overall conclusion regarding the accuracy of human judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our reliance on heuristics leads to accurate judgments in the vast majority of cases. 
B)  Our use of cognitive shortcuts invariably and inevitably leads to inaccurate judgments. 
C)  We rarely make accurate judgments, but we could probably learn to improve our thinking if we tried. 
D)  Our judgments are often accurate, but there is room for improvement. 
A)  Our reliance on heuristics leads to accurate judgments in the vast majority of cases. 
B)  Our use of cognitive shortcuts invariably and inevitably leads to inaccurate judgments. 
C)  We rarely make accurate judgments, but we could probably learn to improve our thinking if we tried. 
D)  Our judgments are often accurate, but there is room for improvement.

Question 13

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind 
B)  assuming that something is typical of its class 
C)  mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality 
D)  converting analogical representations into symbolic representations 
A)  making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind 
B)  assuming that something is typical of its class 
C)  mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality 
D)  converting analogical representations into symbolic representations

Question 14

Which of the following statements BEST describes the extent to which the different types of thinking are related to behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reasoning and judgment are more directly tied to behavior than is decision making. 
B)  Reasoning and judgment are less immediately tied to behavior than is decision making. 
C)  Decision making and reasoning are less immediately tied to behavior than is judgment. 
D)  Decision making and problem solving are less immediately tied to behavior than are reasoning and judgment. 
A)  Reasoning and judgment are more directly tied to behavior than is decision making. 
B)  Reasoning and judgment are less immediately tied to behavior than is decision making. 
C)  Decision making and reasoning are less immediately tied to behavior than is judgment. 
D)  Decision making and problem solving are less immediately tied to behavior than are reasoning and judgment.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of directed thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  trying to identify a partially completed word in a crossword puzzle 
B)  trying to figure out how to make your paper airplane more aerodynamic 
C)  remembering and laughing about the previous night's escapades 
D)  planning how to break off a relationship without causing a scene 
A)  trying to identify a partially completed word in a crossword puzzle 
B)  trying to figure out how to make your paper airplane more aerodynamic 
C)  remembering and laughing about the previous night's escapades 
D)  planning how to break off a relationship without causing a scene

Question 16

Making several minor household repairs, Alyssa uses a shoe as a hammer and a butter knife as a screwdriver. Which of the following statements best characterizes Alyssa's problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is constrained by a powerful mental set. 
B)  She has been released from a conventional mental set. 
C)  She is using means-end analysis. 
D)  She is in a period of incubation. 
A)  She is constrained by a powerful mental set. 
B)  She has been released from a conventional mental set. 
C)  She is using means-end analysis. 
D)  She is in a period of incubation.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics always lead to correct solutions of a problem. 
B)  Heuristics are a slower way to solve problems than are other strategies. 
C)  Heuristics represent commonly used approaches to the solution of a problem. 
D)  Heuristics are used by computers but not by humans as problem-solving tools. 
A)  Heuristics always lead to correct solutions of a problem. 
B)  Heuristics are a slower way to solve problems than are other strategies. 
C)  Heuristics represent commonly used approaches to the solution of a problem. 
D)  Heuristics are used by computers but not by humans as problem-solving tools.

Question 18

Several students are studying the "Thinking" chapter in their psychology text for an upcoming test. Which of the following students is offering an INCORRECT definition of one of the concepts in the chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ari: "A mental representation is some content in the mind that stands for some object or state of affairs." 
B)  Brandon: "A proposition is an analogical mental representation." 
C)  Celeste: "A mental image is a symbolic type of mental representation." 
D)  Dana: "Thinking refers to contents in the mind that represent something in the world." 
A)  Ari: "A mental representation is some content in the mind that stands for some object or state of affairs." 
B)  Brandon: "A proposition is an analogical mental representation." 
C)  Celeste: "A mental image is a symbolic type of mental representation." 
D)  Dana: "Thinking refers to contents in the mind that represent something in the world."

Question 19

The Arabic number 3 is an example of a(n) __________ representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental 
B)  hypothetical 
C)  analogical 
D)  symbolic 
A)  mental 
B)  hypothetical 
C)  analogical 
D)  symbolic

Question 20

What might the poor performance on the "classic" selection task suggest with respect to people's ability to use System I and/or System II thinking?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are quite poor at System I thinking. 
B)  People are quite poor at System II thinking. 
C)  People are better at System II than System I thinking. 
D)  People are poor at both System I and System II thinking. 
A)  People are quite poor at System I thinking. 
B)  People are quite poor at System II thinking. 
C)  People are better at System II than System I thinking. 
D)  People are poor at both System I and System II thinking.

A jeweler is unable to fix a particular mounting in a ring because she can imagine only the conventional uses for her tools. This best demonstrates which of the following?

Unlike images, words are typically __________.

Which phenomenon does the Stroop effect demonstrate?

Hans is listing the things he needs to do in order to get a term paper written. Hans is __________.

According to your text, determining the implications of our beliefs is the essence of __________.

Dr. van Doren varies the distance into the future and the importance of events and examines the influence of these variables on the accuracy of participants' affective forecasting. Which alternative below CORRECTLY names and identifies the variables in Dr. van Doren's research?

When compared to a chess player who is competent but who is below the master level, at which type of memory is a chess master superior?

Jonah is relying on what he calls his "gut instinct" to make an easy, immediate judgment. In terms of the dual-process theory, Jonah appears to be using __________ thinking.

Zach and Aileen are hunting for condos. Zach selects a few that he likes and attempts to decide among them. Aileen insists on viewing every available condo she could potentially buy, and then tries to decide among them all. Zach is ; Aileen is .

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of the word think as it is typically studied by psychologists?

When you solve a crossword puzzle using certain mental shortcuts, you are using cognitive strategies called __________.

Which of the following statements best reflects your text's overall conclusion regarding the accuracy of human judgment?

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are __________.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the extent to which the different types of thinking are related to behavior?

Which of the following is NOT an example of directed thinking?

Making several minor household repairs, Alyssa uses a shoe as a hammer and a butter knife as a screwdriver. Which of the following statements best characterizes Alyssa's problem solving?

Which of the following is TRUE of heuristics?

Several students are studying the "Thinking" chapter in their psychology text for an upcoming test. Which of the following students is offering an INCORRECT definition of one of the concepts in the chapter?

The Arabic number 3 is an example of a(n) __________ representation.

What might the poor performance on the "classic" selection task suggest with respect to people's ability to use System I and/or System II thinking?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Exam 9: Thinking

A jeweler is unable to fix a particular mounting in a ring because she can imagine only the conventional uses for her tools. This best demonstrates which of the following?

Unlike images, words are typically __________.

Which phenomenon does the Stroop effect demonstrate?

Hans is listing the things he needs to do in order to get a term paper written. Hans is __________.

According to your text, determining the implications of our beliefs is the essence of __________.

Dr. van Doren varies the distance into the future and the importance of events and examines the influence of these variables on the accuracy of participants' affective forecasting. Which alternative below CORRECTLY names and identifies the variables in Dr. van Doren's research?

When compared to a chess player who is competent but who is below the master level, at which type of memory is a chess master superior?

Jonah is relying on what he calls his "gut instinct" to make an easy, immediate judgment. In terms of the dual-process theory, Jonah appears to be using __________ thinking.

Zach and Aileen are hunting for condos. Zach selects a few that he likes and attempts to decide among them. Aileen insists on viewing every available condo she could potentially buy, and then tries to decide among them all. Zach is __________; Aileen is __________.

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of the word think as it is typically studied by psychologists?

When you solve a crossword puzzle using certain mental shortcuts, you are using cognitive strategies called __________.

Which of the following statements best reflects your text's overall conclusion regarding the accuracy of human judgment?

When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are __________.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the extent to which the different types of thinking are related to behavior?

Which of the following is NOT an example of directed thinking?

Making several minor household repairs, Alyssa uses a shoe as a hammer and a butter knife as a screwdriver. Which of the following statements best characterizes Alyssa's problem solving?

Which of the following is TRUE of heuristics?

Several students are studying the "Thinking" chapter in their psychology text for an upcoming test. Which of the following students is offering an INCORRECT definition of one of the concepts in the chapter?

The Arabic number 3 is an example of a(n) __________ representation.

What might the poor performance on the "classic" selection task suggest with respect to people's ability to use System I and/or System II thinking?

Research Methods

Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior

The Brain and the Nervous System

Sensation

Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Development

Personality

Psychopathology

Treatment of Mental Disorders

Filters

Zach and Aileen are hunting for condos. Zach selects a few that he likes and attempts to decide among them. Aileen insists on viewing every available condo she could potentially buy, and then tries to decide among them all. Zach is ; Aileen is .