Question 1

Which hypothesis was confirmed by a study that involved 2,893 East and West German participants?

Accepted Answer

A) the East Germans had more opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively low. 
B) the East Germans had fewer opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively high. 
C) the West Germans had fewer opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively high. 
D) regardless of the opportunities for having foreign friends,both the East and the West Germans exhibited high levels of prejudice. 
A) the East Germans had more opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively low. 
B) the East Germans had fewer opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively high. 
C) the West Germans had fewer opportunities to have foreign friends,so their prejudice levels remained relatively high. 
D) regardless of the opportunities for having foreign friends,both the East and the West Germans exhibited high levels of prejudice.

Question 2

Mary Ann comes home after a stressful day at work and is looking forward to relaxing in her apartment's indoor heated pool.When she arrives for her swim,she finds out that the pool is closed for repairs.According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis,how is Mary Ann likely to respond?

Accepted Answer

A) feel frustration and show a higher probability of aggression. 
B) feel frustration and show a lower probability of aggression. 
C) feel either frustration or aggression,but not both. 
D) behave aggressively,which will make her feel frustrated. 
A) feel frustration and show a higher probability of aggression. 
B) feel frustration and show a lower probability of aggression. 
C) feel either frustration or aggression,but not both. 
D) behave aggressively,which will make her feel frustrated.

Question 3

When shopping for a car,Dave works out a great deal with the salesperson.While she is talking to her manager,Dave thinks about how wonderful it is going to be to own the car that he wants.When the salesperson comes back,she tells Dave that the manager will not agree with the deal and wants him to pay more.If Dave decides to pay the higher price,which sales technique has been successfully implemented?

Accepted Answer

A) scarcity. 
B) reciprocity. 
C) ownership. 
D) commitment. 
A) scarcity. 
B) reciprocity. 
C) ownership. 
D) commitment.

Question 4

In a psychology class,one student has been asked to argue in favour of a genetic basis for aggression,while another has been charged with identifying how environmental forces,such as situations,affect aggressive behaviour.What research should the students use to support their respective perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Aggression involves peoples' behaviours

Question 5

From an evolutionary perspective,which statement about altruistic behaviour is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) It is primarily a learned behaviour. 
B) It is a part of the self-actualization process. 
C) It is partly dependent on genetic transmission. 
D) It is determined by situational forces. 
A) It is primarily a learned behaviour. 
B) It is a part of the self-actualization process. 
C) It is partly dependent on genetic transmission. 
D) It is determined by situational forces.

Question 6

A stranger asks Elliot for a donation of $20 for a charitable enterprise.When Elliot turns him down,the stranger requests only $1.Which compliance tactic is the stranger using?

Accepted Answer

A) commitment. 
B) the foot-in-the-door technique. 
C) the door-in-the-face technique. 
D) scarcity. 
A) commitment. 
B) the foot-in-the-door technique. 
C) the door-in-the-face technique. 
D) scarcity.

Question 7

People tend to take credit for their successes while denying or explaining away responsibility for their failures,a phenomenon known as the __________ bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People tend to take credit for their...

Question 8

A student in the library repeatedly asked two women who were having a conversation to be quiet.When they seemed to intentionally start speaking more loudly,he threatened them.In the context of aggression,what does the women's behaviour most directly exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) altruism. 
B) escalation. 
C) direct provocation. 
D) instrumental aggression. 
A) altruism. 
B) escalation. 
C) direct provocation. 
D) instrumental aggression.

Question 9

As described in the textbook,under which circumstances are individuals more likely to have the energy and motivation to engage in elaborative processing?

Accepted Answer

A) when they encounter persuasive messages at their "optimal" time of day. 
B) when the covariation components of distinctiveness,consistency,and consensus have been met. 
C) when they utilize the affective route to persuasion. 
D) when they utilize the peripheral route to persuasion. 
A) when they encounter persuasive messages at their "optimal" time of day. 
B) when the covariation components of distinctiveness,consistency,and consensus have been met. 
C) when they utilize the affective route to persuasion. 
D) when they utilize the peripheral route to persuasion.

Question 10

Which observation by Harold Kelley about causal attributions is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) They are usually made using three dimensions of information. 
B) They are usually accurate. 
C) They are based primarily on personal knowledge about the individual. 
D) They are attempts to reduce cognitive dissonance. 
A) They are usually made using three dimensions of information. 
B) They are usually accurate. 
C) They are based primarily on personal knowledge about the individual. 
D) They are attempts to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Question 11

Which term do social psychologists typically use when referring to the explicit and implicit guidelines for behaviour in specific settings?

Accepted Answer

A) expectations 
B) rules 
C) social roles 
D) social norms 
A) expectations 
B) rules 
C) social roles 
D) social norms

Question 12

Social roles are patterns of behaviour that are expected of a person who is functioning in a given setting or group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

With respect to friendships,Chelsea believes that,in general,"opposites attract." Is Chelsea correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes,this appears to be true for a variety of dimensions. 
B) No,research suggests that dissimilarity often leads to strong repulsion. 
C) Yes,but not significantly more so than those with similarities. 
D) Yes,particularly in the realm of social and political viewpoints. 
A) Yes,this appears to be true for a variety of dimensions. 
B) No,research suggests that dissimilarity often leads to strong repulsion. 
C) Yes,but not significantly more so than those with similarities. 
D) Yes,particularly in the realm of social and political viewpoints.

Question 14

In a study that assessed genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in physical and social aggression,researchers collected data on 6-year-old twins.What were the results of the research?

Accepted Answer

A) comparisons between monozygotic and dizygotic twins suggested that 50 to 60 percent of the variation in physical aggression could be explained by genetic factors,whereas 20 percent of social aggression was explained by genetics. 
B) monozygotic twins consistently were found to be lower on social aggression than dizygotic twins. 
C) twins are more likely to show antisocial behaviour than non-twins. 
D) there is no significant relationship between genetics and aggression. 
A) comparisons between monozygotic and dizygotic twins suggested that 50 to 60 percent of the variation in physical aggression could be explained by genetic factors,whereas 20 percent of social aggression was explained by genetics. 
B) monozygotic twins consistently were found to be lower on social aggression than dizygotic twins. 
C) twins are more likely to show antisocial behaviour than non-twins. 
D) there is no significant relationship between genetics and aggression.

Question 15

After reading an account of a man who runs inside a burning building to rescue two strangers who have succumbed to the smoke,a friend wonders out loud what compels people to risk their lives for the sake of others.Having overheard him,you decide to explain some possible reasons why people engage in such behaviour.Be certain to clearly define altruism and explain its roots.Discuss how psychologists explain altruistic behaviour toward kin and non-kin.Explain how bystander intervention has been studied in the laboratory,and what has been learned about the effects that the situation has on helping behaviour.

Accepted Answer

C.Daniel Batson suggests that there are

Question 16

How is cognitive dissonance best understood?

Accepted Answer

A) as norm crystallization. 
B) as groupthink. 
C) as the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) as a state of conflict. 
A) as norm crystallization. 
B) as groupthink. 
C) as the self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) as a state of conflict.

Question 17

A friend asks Dominic if he likes scary rides at the fair.Although Dominic has never really thought about it before,he answers "yes" because he remembers that whenever he goes to the fair he chooses the scary rides.According to Daryl Bem,which concept best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) the fundamental attribution error. 
B) a self-serving bias. 
C) cognitive dissonance. 
D) self-perception theory. 
A) the fundamental attribution error. 
B) a self-serving bias. 
C) cognitive dissonance. 
D) self-perception theory.

Question 18

When a student does well on a test,she immediately takes the credit,saying that she did well because she studied hard.When she does poorly,however,she blames the teacher for making up an "impossible" test.Which term best captures this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) the fundamental attribution error. 
B) the Pygmalion effect. 
C) behavioural confirmation. 
D) the self-serving bias. 
A) the fundamental attribution error. 
B) the Pygmalion effect. 
C) behavioural confirmation. 
D) the self-serving bias.

Question 19

According to Festinger,which term characterizes the state of conflict that someone experiences after taking an action,making a decision,or being exposed to information that is contrary to his or her beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A) moral anxiety. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) behavioural disconfirmation. 
D) dispositional attribution. 
A) moral anxiety. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) behavioural disconfirmation. 
D) dispositional attribution.

Question 20

Which statement suggests that the speaker is making the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A) "If I had not gotten married and had children,I could have had an exciting career." 
B) "People do not conserve energy in this country because it is still relatively expensive." 
C) "The guy at the next table did not leave a tip for the waitress because he is a cheapskate." 
D) "Politics and religion cause more problems than they solve." 
A) "If I had not gotten married and had children,I could have had an exciting career." 
B) "People do not conserve energy in this country because it is still relatively expensive." 
C) "The guy at the next table did not leave a tip for the waitress because he is a cheapskate." 
D) "Politics and religion cause more problems than they solve."

Exam 17: A: Social Psychology

Which hypothesis was confirmed by a study that involved 2,893 East and West German participants?

Mary Ann comes home after a stressful day at work and is looking forward to relaxing in her apartment's indoor heated pool.When she arrives for her swim,she finds out that the pool is closed for repairs.According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis,how is Mary Ann likely to respond?

From an evolutionary perspective,which statement about altruistic behaviour is accurate?

A stranger asks Elliot for a donation of $20 for a charitable enterprise.When Elliot turns him down,the stranger requests only $1.Which compliance tactic is the stranger using?

People tend to take credit for their successes while denying or explaining away responsibility for their failures,a phenomenon known as the __________ bias.

A student in the library repeatedly asked two women who were having a conversation to be quiet.When they seemed to intentionally start speaking more loudly,he threatened them.In the context of aggression,what does the women's behaviour most directly exemplify?

As described in the textbook,under which circumstances are individuals more likely to have the energy and motivation to engage in elaborative processing?

Which observation by Harold Kelley about causal attributions is accurate?

Which term do social psychologists typically use when referring to the explicit and implicit guidelines for behaviour in specific settings?

Social roles are patterns of behaviour that are expected of a person who is functioning in a given setting or group.

With respect to friendships,Chelsea believes that,in general,"opposites attract." Is Chelsea correct?

In a study that assessed genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in physical and social aggression,researchers collected data on 6-year-old twins.What were the results of the research?

How is cognitive dissonance best understood?

A friend asks Dominic if he likes scary rides at the fair.Although Dominic has never really thought about it before,he answers "yes" because he remembers that whenever he goes to the fair he chooses the scary rides.According to Daryl Bem,which concept best explains this phenomenon?

When a student does well on a test,she immediately takes the credit,saying that she did well because she studied hard.When she does poorly,however,she blames the teacher for making up an "impossible" test.Which term best captures this scenario?

According to Festinger,which term characterizes the state of conflict that someone experiences after taking an action,making a decision,or being exposed to information that is contrary to his or her beliefs?

Which statement suggests that the speaker is making the fundamental attribution error?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

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