Exam 8: Human Resource Management: From Recruitment to Labour Relations

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Theory X: Assumes that employees dislike work and try to avoid it whenever possible. Therefore managers must work at getting employees to do their jobs by using the carrot and stick. Theory X managers believe that the average worker prefers to receive instructions, avoid responsibility, and take little initiative. These managers also believe that the average worker views money and job security as the only valid motivators-Maslow's lower order of needs.
Theory Y: Assumes that the typical person actually likes work and will seek and accept more and more responsibility. Theory Y managers assume that most people can think of creative ways to solve work‐related problems. These managers believe in giving employees the opportunity to participate in decision making. The traditional management philosophy relies on external control and constant supervision, but Theory Y views self‐control and self‐direction as the main motivators-Maslow's higher order of needs.