Question 1

D-Allose is an aldohexose.Methylation of which hydroxyl group on $\beta$-D-allopyranose prevents the molecule from mutarotating to $\alpha$-D-allopyranose?

Accepted Answer

A) C1 
B) C2 
C) C3 
D) C4 
E) C5 
A) C1 
B) C2 
C) C3 
D) C4 
E) C5

Question 2

Matching

-An example of a homopolysaccharide in liver and muscle is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose 
A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose

Question 3

-The configuration around which carbon atom shown in the figure above determines whether this is a D or an L sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 4

Bacterial cell walls are composed of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) pectin 
B) chondroitin sulfate chains 
C) peptidoglycans 
D) heparin 
E) proteoglycans 
A) pectin 
B) chondroitin sulfate chains 
C) peptidoglycans 
D) heparin 
E) proteoglycans

Question 5

Matching

-The monosaccharides $\alpha$-D-galactose and $\beta$-D-galactose are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose 
A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose

Question 6

At equilibrium in solution,D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers.Which statement most accurately describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the $\alpha$- and $\beta$-anomers. 
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration. 
C) The $\alpha$-anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the $\beta$-anomer. 
D) The $\beta$-anomer predominates over the $\alpha$-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1. 
E) None of the answers above is correct. 
A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the $\alpha$- and $\beta$-anomers. 
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration. 
C) The $\alpha$-anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the $\beta$-anomer. 
D) The $\beta$-anomer predominates over the $\alpha$-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1. 
E) None of the answers above is correct.

Question 7

How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Question 8

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary,gastric,or pancreatic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) amylopectin 
C) amylose 
D) glycogen 
E) starch 
A) cellulose 
B) amylopectin 
C) amylose 
D) glycogen 
E) starch

Question 9

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary,gastric,or pancreatic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) amylopectin 
B) amylose 
C) chitin 
D) glycogen 
E) starch 
A) amylopectin 
B) amylose 
C) chitin 
D) glycogen 
E) starch

Question 10

The bonding of alcohols to the anomeric center of a carbohydrate results in the formation of a(n)__________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A) anomeric 
B) amide 
C) glycosidic 
D) ester 
E) hydrogen 
A) anomeric 
B) amide 
C) glycosidic 
D) ester 
E) hydrogen

Question 11

Matching

-The smallest aldose is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose 
A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose

Question 12

-Which of the carbon atoms shown in the figure above represent the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 13

Alcohols react with aldehydes to form

Accepted Answer

A) hemiketals. 
B) lactones. 
C) lactams. 
D) glycosides. 
E) hemiacetals. 
A) hemiketals. 
B) lactones. 
C) lactams. 
D) glycosides. 
E) hemiacetals.

Question 14

-Which structure shown in the figure above is a ketohexose?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above

Question 15

-The structures shown in the figure above are represented as

Accepted Answer

A) Fischer projections. 
B) Haworth projections. 
C) space-filling projections. 
D) ball and stick models. 
E) None of the answers above is correct. 
A) Fischer projections. 
B) Haworth projections. 
C) space-filling projections. 
D) ball and stick models. 
E) None of the answers above is correct.

Question 16

-Which of the structures shown in the figure above is a glucopyranose?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above

Question 17

We encounter a great variety of sugars in living organisms.
a.Draw a Haworth projection of an aldohexose in the pyranose form (include all atoms).
b.Draw the Haworth projection of the anomer of the aldose you drew in "a" above.
c.Draw a circle around the carbon that determines whether this sugar is a D or an L sugar.
d.How many chiral carbon atoms are present in each of the structures drawn in "a" and
b" above?
e.How many stereoisomers exist for these pyranoses?

Accepted Answer

a.see drawing @#IMG-DLM& 
b.se

Question 18

Matching

-Both $\alpha$(1$\to$4)and $\alpha$(1$\to$6)bonds can be found in the plant product______.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose 
A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose

Question 19

-Which structure shown in the figure above is ribose?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above

Question 20

Matching

-Glucose,with its four chiral carbon atoms,has ______ possible stereoisomers.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose 
A)  eight 
B)  deoxy 
C)  peptidoglycan 
D)  axial 
E)  anomers
F) two
G) lactose
H) glyceraldehyde
I) amylopectin
J) epimers
K) sixteen
L) glycogen
M) equatorial
N) chitin
O) hyaluronic acid
P) amylose

Exam 8: Carbohydrates

D-Allose is an aldohexose.Methylation of which hydroxyl group on β\betaβ -D-allopyranose prevents the molecule from mutarotating to α\alphaα -D-allopyranose?

Matching -An example of a homopolysaccharide in liver and muscle is ______.

-The configuration around which carbon atom shown in the figure above determines whether this is a D or an L sugar?

Bacterial cell walls are composed of _____.

Matching -The monosaccharides α\alphaα -D-galactose and β\betaβ -D-galactose are ______.

At equilibrium in solution,D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers.Which statement most accurately describes this solution?

How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose?

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary,gastric,or pancreatic enzymes?

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by mammalian salivary,gastric,or pancreatic enzymes?

The bonding of alcohols to the anomeric center of a carbohydrate results in the formation of a(n)__________ bond.

Matching -The smallest aldose is ______.

-Which of the carbon atoms shown in the figure above represent the anomeric carbon?

Alcohols react with aldehydes to form

-Which structure shown in the figure above is a ketohexose?

-The structures shown in the figure above are represented as

-Which of the structures shown in the figure above is a glucopyranose?

Matching -Both α\alphaα (1 →\to→ 4)and α\alphaα (1 →\to→ 6)bonds can be found in the plant product______.

-Which structure shown in the figure above is ribose?

Matching -Glucose,with its four chiral carbon atoms,has ______ possible stereoisomers.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

D-Allose is an aldohexose.Methylation of which hydroxyl group on $\beta$ -D-allopyranose prevents the molecule from mutarotating to $\alpha$ -D-allopyranose?

Matching -The monosaccharides $\alpha$ -D-galactose and $\beta$ -D-galactose are ______.

Matching -Both $\alpha$ (1 $\to$ 4)and $\alpha$ (1 $\to$ 6)bonds can be found in the plant product______.