Question 1

Knowledge about the tautomeric forms of the bases of nucleic acids is needed

Accepted Answer

A) to understand H-bonding between the complementary bases 
B) to understand how the bases are linked to ribose. 
C) to understand how bases are linked to deoxyribose. 
D) to understand the ability of nucleotides to act as energy carriers. 
E) to distinguish the 5'-end of a DNA strand from the 3'-end. 
A) to understand H-bonding between the complementary bases 
B) to understand how the bases are linked to ribose. 
C) to understand how bases are linked to deoxyribose. 
D) to understand the ability of nucleotides to act as energy carriers. 
E) to distinguish the 5'-end of a DNA strand from the 3'-end.

Question 2

Alterations in genetic information can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) mistakes made during replication. 
B) faulty recombination. 
C) transposition of genes. 
D) damage caused by chemicals or radiation. 
E) all of the above 
A) mistakes made during replication. 
B) faulty recombination. 
C) transposition of genes. 
D) damage caused by chemicals or radiation. 
E) all of the above

Question 3

Gel electrophoresis generally separates nucleic acids on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A) shape. 
B) sequence. 
C) size. 
D) charge-density. 
E) none of the above 
A) shape. 
B) sequence. 
C) size. 
D) charge-density. 
E) none of the above

Question 4

Double stranded DNA molecules can be cleaved at specific recognition sites by

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase. 
B) DNA ligase. 
C) DNA polymerase. 
D) reverse transcriptase. 
E) Type II restriction endonucleases. 
A) RNA polymerase. 
B) DNA ligase. 
C) DNA polymerase. 
D) reverse transcriptase. 
E) Type II restriction endonucleases.

Question 5

Genomic DNA is ______,resulting in the production of _________.

Accepted Answer

A) transcribed;mRNA 
B) translated;tRNA 
C) transcribed;protein 
D) translated;protein 
E) translated;rRNA 
A) transcribed;mRNA 
B) translated;tRNA 
C) transcribed;protein 
D) translated;protein 
E) translated;rRNA

Question 6

Alterations in genetic information cannot be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) mistakes made during replication 
B) faulty recombination. 
C) transposition of genes. 
D) mistakes made during translation. 
E) all of the above 
A) mistakes made during replication 
B) faulty recombination. 
C) transposition of genes. 
D) mistakes made during translation. 
E) all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following DNA sequences (in which N is any nucleic acid residue)is palindromic?

Accepted Answer

A) ANAGCTT 
B) AANGCTT 
C) AAGNCTT 
D) AAGCNTT 
E) AAGCTNT 
A) ANAGCTT 
B) AANGCTT 
C) AAGNCTT 
D) AAGCNTT 
E) AAGCTNT

Question 8

Mutations leading to changes that can be inherited by the next generation have to be introduced into at the _______ level.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) rRNA 
C) protein 
D) mRNA 
E) tRNA 
A) DNA 
B) rRNA 
C) protein 
D) mRNA 
E) tRNA

Question 9

The production of multiple identical organisms from a single ancestor is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligation 
B) phenotyping 
C) cloning 
D) transcription 
E) sequencing 
A) DNA ligation 
B) phenotyping 
C) cloning 
D) transcription 
E) sequencing

Question 10

Radioactively labeled,single-stranded oligonucleotides are often used in in situ hybridization.Which of the probes listed below would work best,when probing for a RNA molecule containing the sequence 5'-AGCTAACGGG-3'?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-AGCTAACGGG-3' 
B) 5'-GGGCAATCGA-3' 
C) 5'-CCCGTTAGCT-3' 
D) 5'-TCGATTGCCC-3' 
E) all of the above 
A) 5'-AGCTAACGGG-3' 
B) 5'-GGGCAATCGA-3' 
C) 5'-CCCGTTAGCT-3' 
D) 5'-TCGATTGCCC-3' 
E) all of the above

Question 11

Chargaff's rules state that:

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of guanine plus cytosine in mammalian genomes varies from about 39 to 46%. 
B) DNA is always double stranded and RNA is always single stranded. 
C) DNA contains two grooves,a major groove and a minor groove. 
D) In DNA the number of adenine residues is identical to the number of thymine residues and the number of guanine residues is identical to the number of cytosine residues. 
E) DNA contains two strands that run in opposite directions. 
A) The amount of guanine plus cytosine in mammalian genomes varies from about 39 to 46%. 
B) DNA is always double stranded and RNA is always single stranded. 
C) DNA contains two grooves,a major groove and a minor groove. 
D) In DNA the number of adenine residues is identical to the number of thymine residues and the number of guanine residues is identical to the number of cytosine residues. 
E) DNA contains two strands that run in opposite directions.

Question 12

By convention,the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written ___________ starting with the ____ end.

Accepted Answer

A) left to right;3' 
B) right to left;3' 
C) left to right;5' 
D) Right to left;3' 
E) top to bottom;3' 
A) left to right;3' 
B) right to left;3' 
C) left to right;5' 
D) Right to left;3' 
E) top to bottom;3'

Question 13

Which of the following conclusions about the human genome is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Only about 80% of the genome is transcribed to RNA. 
B) Most of the proteins found in humans are unique to vertebrates. 
C) Nearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences. 
D) The genomes of any two people are likely to be 99.9% identical 
E) None of the above 
A) Only about 80% of the genome is transcribed to RNA. 
B) Most of the proteins found in humans are unique to vertebrates. 
C) Nearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences. 
D) The genomes of any two people are likely to be 99.9% identical 
E) None of the above

Question 14

Matching

-Cytosine,uracil,and thymine are derivatives of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  probe 
D)  pyrimidine 
E)  introns
F) cloning
G) transformed
H) exons
I) ampicillin
J) autoradiography
K) chain-terminator
L) purine
M) ester 
A)  diploid 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  probe 
D)  pyrimidine 
E)  introns
F) cloning
G) transformed
H) exons
I) ampicillin
J) autoradiography
K) chain-terminator
L) purine
M) ester

Question 15

Which of the following statements about PCR is (are)true?

Accepted Answer

A) Small amounts of DNA can be easily amplified to millions of copies. 
B) PCR is often used in forensics laboratories. 
C) PCR reaction products can be used in molecular cloning. 
D) PCR is used in clinical laboratories. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Small amounts of DNA can be easily amplified to millions of copies. 
B) PCR is often used in forensics laboratories. 
C) PCR reaction products can be used in molecular cloning. 
D) PCR is used in clinical laboratories. 
E) All of the above.

Question 16

RNA occurs primarily as single stranded molecules that can give rise to _______ structures.

Accepted Answer

A) diploid 
B) stem-loop 
C) parallel 
D) tautomeric 
E) haploid 
A) diploid 
B) stem-loop 
C) parallel 
D) tautomeric 
E) haploid

Question 17

Matching

-Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides that are linked by ______ linkages.

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  probe 
D)  pyrimidine 
E)  introns
F) cloning
G) transformed
H) exons
I) ampicillin
J) autoradiography
K) chain-terminator
L) purine
M) ester 
A)  diploid 
B)  phosphodiester 
C)  probe 
D)  pyrimidine 
E)  introns
F) cloning
G) transformed
H) exons
I) ampicillin
J) autoradiography
K) chain-terminator
L) purine
M) ester

Question 18

The major carrier of energy in the cell is:

Accepted Answer

A) adenosine monophosphate 
B) adenosine diphosphate 
C) adenosine triphosphate 
D) adenosine tetraphosphate 
E) flavin adenine dinucleotide 
A) adenosine monophosphate 
B) adenosine diphosphate 
C) adenosine triphosphate 
D) adenosine tetraphosphate 
E) flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 19

Humans typically recycle approximately _____ of ATP each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 50 kg 
B) 50 mg 
C) 50 g 
D) 50 $\mu$g 
E) 500 kg 
A) 50 kg 
B) 50 mg 
C) 50 g 
D) 50 $\mu$g 
E) 500 kg

Question 20

Which of the following conclusions about the human genome is (are)true?

Accepted Answer

A) Only about 80% of the human genome is transcribed to RNA. 
B) Only about 1-2% of the human genome codes for proteins. 
C) Most of the proteins found in humans are also found in many other animals. 
D) Nearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Only about 80% of the human genome is transcribed to RNA. 
B) Only about 1-2% of the human genome codes for proteins. 
C) Most of the proteins found in humans are also found in many other animals. 
D) Nearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences. 
E) All of the above.

Exam 3: Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Knowledge about the tautomeric forms of the bases of nucleic acids is needed

Alterations in genetic information can be caused by

Gel electrophoresis generally separates nucleic acids on the basis of

Double stranded DNA molecules can be cleaved at specific recognition sites by

Genomic DNA is ______,resulting in the production of _________.

Alterations in genetic information cannot be caused by

Which of the following DNA sequences (in which N is any nucleic acid residue)is palindromic?

Mutations leading to changes that can be inherited by the next generation have to be introduced into at the _______ level.

The production of multiple identical organisms from a single ancestor is called ________.

Radioactively labeled,single-stranded oligonucleotides are often used in in situ hybridization.Which of the probes listed below would work best,when probing for a RNA molecule containing the sequence 5'-AGCTAACGGG-3'?

Chargaff's rules state that:

By convention,the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written ___________ starting with the ____ end.

Which of the following conclusions about the human genome is false?

Matching -Cytosine,uracil,and thymine are derivatives of ______.

Which of the following statements about PCR is (are)true?

RNA occurs primarily as single stranded molecules that can give rise to _______ structures.

Matching -Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides that are linked by ______ linkages.

The major carrier of energy in the cell is:

Humans typically recycle approximately _____ of ATP each day.

Which of the following conclusions about the human genome is (are)true?

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Genomic DNA is ,resulting in the production of ___.

By convention,the sequence of nucleotide residues in a nucleic acid is written _______ starting with the end.