Question 1

Which polysaccharide has only β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) glycogen 
C) amylose 
D) amylopectin 
E) starch 
A) cellulose 
B) glycogen 
C) amylose 
D) amylopectin 
E) starch

Question 2

Match the following.
-sucrose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 3

A)What is the name of the following disaccharide?
B) What two monosaccharides compose it?
C) What type of glycosidic linkage is between the two?

Accepted Answer

A) MALTOSE

Question 4

When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal,the carbon atom that contained the carbonyl group is identified as the ________ carbon atom because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) d;the carbonyl group is drawn to the right 
B) l;the carbonyl group is drawn to the left 
C) anomeric;its substituents can assume an α or a β position 
D) acetal;it forms bonds to an -OR and an -OR' 
E) enantiomeric;depending on its position,the resulting ring can have a mirror image 
A) d;the carbonyl group is drawn to the right 
B) l;the carbonyl group is drawn to the left 
C) anomeric;its substituents can assume an α or a β position 
D) acetal;it forms bonds to an -OR and an -OR' 
E) enantiomeric;depending on its position,the resulting ring can have a mirror image

Question 5

Classify the molecule shown according to the location of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms.

Accepted Answer

A) aldotriose 
B) aldotetrose 
C) aldopentose 
D) ketotriose 
E) ketotetrose 
A) aldotriose 
B) aldotetrose 
C) aldopentose 
D) ketotriose 
E) ketotetrose

Question 6

Starch is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) animals;energy storage 
B) animals;as a structural component 
C) plants;as a structural component 
D) plants;energy storage 
E) none of the above 
A) animals;energy storage 
B) animals;as a structural component 
C) plants;as a structural component 
D) plants;energy storage 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Match the following.
-diastereomers

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 8

Match the following.
-glycogen

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 9

All of the following are common monosaccharides of interest in human biochemistry except

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) fructose. 
C) ribose. 
D) galactose. 
E) maltose. 
A) glucose. 
B) fructose. 
C) ribose. 
D) galactose. 
E) maltose.

Question 10

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in maltose is a(an)________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic 
A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic

Question 11

Ribose can be classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose. 
A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose.

Question 12

Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) glycosidic 
B) glucuronic 
C) imine 
D) ester 
E) ether 
A) glycosidic 
B) glucuronic 
C) imine 
D) ester 
E) ether

Question 13

Determine if the following monosaccharides are either a d or an l isomer.Draw the enatiomer.
A)
   
B)

Accepted Answer

A) d isome

Question 14

Match the following.
-amylose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 15

Ketoses can act as reducing sugars in basic solution because

Accepted Answer

A) their carbonyl groups can readily be oxidized just as in aldoses. 
B) the large number of hydroxyl groups allows oxidation of the molecules. 
C) the ketone is converted to an aldehyde by keto-enol tautomerization. 
D) mutarotation makes the carbonyl group accessible to oxidizing agents. 
E) none of the above 
A) their carbonyl groups can readily be oxidized just as in aldoses. 
B) the large number of hydroxyl groups allows oxidation of the molecules. 
C) the ketone is converted to an aldehyde by keto-enol tautomerization. 
D) mutarotation makes the carbonyl group accessible to oxidizing agents. 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Sucrose is not a reducing sugar because its

Accepted Answer

A) hemiacetal groups cannot be converted to aldehyde groups. 
B) disaccharide bond is an α-1,4 linkage. 
C) disaccharide bond is a β-1,4 linkage. 
D) disaccharide bond is a 1,2 anomeric link. 
E) none of the above 
A) hemiacetal groups cannot be converted to aldehyde groups. 
B) disaccharide bond is an α-1,4 linkage. 
C) disaccharide bond is a β-1,4 linkage. 
D) disaccharide bond is a 1,2 anomeric link. 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Match the following.
-ribose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 18

How many stereoisomers are possible for the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16

Question 19

Match the following.
-galactose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 20

Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Both serve as energy storage molecules. 
B) Both are polymers of α-d-glucose. 
C) Glycogen molecules are generally larger than amylopectin molecules. 
D) Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin. 
E) none of the above 
A) Both serve as energy storage molecules. 
B) Both are polymers of α-d-glucose. 
C) Glycogen molecules are generally larger than amylopectin molecules. 
D) Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin. 
E) none of the above

Exam 20: Carbohydrates

Which polysaccharide has only β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?

Match the following. -sucrose

A)What is the name of the following disaccharide? B) What two monosaccharides compose it? C) What type of glycosidic linkage is between the two?

When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal,the carbon atom that contained the carbonyl group is identified as the ________ carbon atom because ________.

Classify the molecule shown according to the location of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms.

Starch is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Match the following. -diastereomers

Match the following. -glycogen

All of the following are common monosaccharides of interest in human biochemistry except

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in maltose is a(an)________ linkage.

Ribose can be classified as a(an)

Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.

Determine if the following monosaccharides are either a d or an l isomer.Draw the enatiomer. A) B)

Match the following. -amylose

Ketoses can act as reducing sugars in basic solution because

Sucrose is not a reducing sugar because its

Match the following. -ribose

How many stereoisomers are possible for the following molecule?

Match the following. -galactose

Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Aldehydes and Ketones

Amines

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal,the carbon atom that contained the carbonyl group is identified as the carbon atom because .

Starch is produced by ,and its major function is .