Question 1

Match the following.
-cellulose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 2

Illustrate the conversion between the α and β forms of d-fructose.Make sure to include the open chain form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Illustrate the conversion between the α and...

Question 3

How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Question 4

When a cyclic acetal is formed upon the reaction of a monosaccharide and an alcohol the resulting product is called a

Accepted Answer

A) glycoside. 
B) residue. 
C) hemiacetal. 
D) disacharide. 
E) polysacharide. 
A) glycoside. 
B) residue. 
C) hemiacetal. 
D) disacharide. 
E) polysacharide.

Question 5

All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

Accepted Answer

A) the number of stereoisomers possible is 2n,where n is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the molecule. 
B) monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms exist in solution in cyclic form. 
C) the two different cyclic forms of a particular monosaccharide are called tautomers. 
D) a molecule is classified as a d or l isomer by the position of the hydroxyl group on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group. 
E) monosaccharides have the general formula Cn(H2O)n,but this only describes the number and kinds of atoms,not their structure. 
A) the number of stereoisomers possible is 2n,where n is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the molecule. 
B) monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms exist in solution in cyclic form. 
C) the two different cyclic forms of a particular monosaccharide are called tautomers. 
D) a molecule is classified as a d or l isomer by the position of the hydroxyl group on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group. 
E) monosaccharides have the general formula Cn(H2O)n,but this only describes the number and kinds of atoms,not their structure.

Question 6

Match the following.
-disaccharide

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 7

Starch is composed of two polymers,________,which is an unbranched chain,and ________,which is a branched polymer.

Accepted Answer

A) amylose;amylase 
B) amylase;amylose 
C) amylopectin;amylose 
D) amylose;amylopectin 
E) amylase;amylopectin 
A) amylose;amylase 
B) amylase;amylose 
C) amylopectin;amylose 
D) amylose;amylopectin 
E) amylase;amylopectin

Question 8

Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

Accepted Answer

A) cis-trans isomers. 
B) structural isomers. 
C) enantiomers. 
D) anomers. 
E) diastereomers. 
A) cis-trans isomers. 
B) structural isomers. 
C) enantiomers. 
D) anomers. 
E) diastereomers.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) none of these 
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) none of these

Question 10

The disaccharide that contains a β-1,4 linkage is

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose. 
B) maltose. 
C) amylose. 
D) lactose. 
A) sucrose. 
B) maltose. 
C) amylose. 
D) lactose.

Question 11

Match the following.
-glucose

Accepted Answer

A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis 
A) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
B) a monosaccharide that is a component of milk sugar 
C) mirror-image forms of chiral molecules 
D) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
G)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
H)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
I)isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids
L)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages
M)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
N)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
O)a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood
P)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis

Question 12

Fructose can be classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose. 
A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose.

Question 13

Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

Accepted Answer

A) their cyclic structures. 
B) the presence of at least one hydroxyl group. 
C) the presence of more than one hydroxyl group. 
D) the presence of a carbonyl group,usually on the #1 carbon atom. 
E) the presence of at least one chiral carbon atom. 
A) their cyclic structures. 
B) the presence of at least one hydroxyl group. 
C) the presence of more than one hydroxyl group. 
D) the presence of a carbonyl group,usually on the #1 carbon atom. 
E) the presence of at least one chiral carbon atom.

Question 14

When a monosaccharide forms a ring by interaction of one of its hydroxyl groups with its aldehyde group,the bond is referred to as a(an)________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) ether 
B) ester 
C) acetal 
D) hemiacetal 
E) glycosidic 
A) ether 
B) ester 
C) acetal 
D) hemiacetal 
E) glycosidic

Question 15

The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

Accepted Answer

A) CH2O. 
B) C2(H2O)2. 
C) C6H12O6. 
D) C12H22O11. 
E) C12H24O12. 
A) CH2O. 
B) C2(H2O)2. 
C) C6H12O6. 
D) C12H22O11. 
E) C12H24O12.

Question 16

Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) animals;energy storage 
B) animals;as a structural component 
C) plants;as a structural component 
D) plants;energy storage 
E) none of the above 
A) animals;energy storage 
B) animals;as a structural component 
C) plants;as a structural component 
D) plants;energy storage 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) galactose 
C) ribose 
D) fructose 
A) glucose 
B) galactose 
C) ribose 
D) fructose

Question 18

A hemiacetal linkage consists of a

Accepted Answer

A) carbon atom bonded to both an -OH and an -OR group. 
B) carbonyl group that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group. 
C) carbonyl group that is also bonded to an ether linkage. 
D) carbon atom bonded to two -OH groups. 
E) carbon atom that is bonded to an -OR group and an -NH2 group. 
A) carbon atom bonded to both an -OH and an -OR group. 
B) carbonyl group that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group. 
C) carbonyl group that is also bonded to an ether linkage. 
D) carbon atom bonded to two -OH groups. 
E) carbon atom that is bonded to an -OR group and an -NH2 group.

Question 19

Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) carbons 1 and 5 
B) carbons 3 and 4 
C) carbons 2,3,and 4 
D) All carbons are chiral. 
A) carbons 1 and 5 
B) carbons 3 and 4 
C) carbons 2,3,and 4 
D) All carbons are chiral.

Question 20

A glycosidic bond is

Accepted Answer

A) a bond between any two carbohydrate molecules. 
B) a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group. 
C) any bond that can be broken by reaction with water. 
D) a bond between anomeric carbon atoms on two separate monosaccharides. 
E) none of the above 
A) a bond between any two carbohydrate molecules. 
B) a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group. 
C) any bond that can be broken by reaction with water. 
D) a bond between anomeric carbon atoms on two separate monosaccharides. 
E) none of the above

Exam 20: Carbohydrates

Match the following. -cellulose

Illustrate the conversion between the α and β forms of d-fructose.Make sure to include the open chain form.

How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

When a cyclic acetal is formed upon the reaction of a monosaccharide and an alcohol the resulting product is called a

All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

Match the following. -disaccharide

Starch is composed of two polymers,________,which is an unbranched chain,and ________,which is a branched polymer.

Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

Which of the following is the correct structure for glucose 6-phosphate?

The disaccharide that contains a β-1,4 linkage is

Match the following. -glucose

Fructose can be classified as a(an)

Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

When a monosaccharide forms a ring by interaction of one of its hydroxyl groups with its aldehyde group,the bond is referred to as a(an)________ linkage.

The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Which of the following monosaccharides is present in nucleic acids?

A hemiacetal linkage consists of a

Which of the following carbons in the molecule shown is a chiral carbon?

A glycosidic bond is

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Aldehydes and Ketones

Amines

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

Starch is composed of two polymers,,which is an unbranched chain,and ,which is a branched polymer.

Glycogen is produced by ,and its major function is .