Question 1

The pain and cramps that occur during physical exhaustion are associated with the formation of excess

Accepted Answer

A) lactate. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl-CoA. 
D) acetaldehyde. 
E) glucose. 
A) lactate. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl-CoA. 
D) acetaldehyde. 
E) glucose. A

Question 2

What cofactor is needed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) ADP 
C) NADH 
D) NAD+ 
E) FADH2 
A) ATP 
B) ADP 
C) NADH 
D) NAD+ 
E) FADH2 D

Question 3

Steps 6-10 of glycolysis are referred to as the "energy generation" portion of the process because these steps

Accepted Answer

A) consume ATP instead of producing it. 
B) generate ATP instead of consuming it. 
C) involve several endergonic reactions. 
D) generate ADP. 
E) release phosphate groups upon hydrolysis. 
A) consume ATP instead of producing it. 
B) generate ATP instead of consuming it. 
C) involve several endergonic reactions. 
D) generate ADP. 
E) release phosphate groups upon hydrolysis. B

Question 4

A lack of insulin causes ________,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) hypoglycemia;lower 
B) hypoglycemia;higher 
C) hyperglycemia;lower 
D) hyperglycemia;higher 
E) none of the above 
A) hypoglycemia;lower 
B) hypoglycemia;higher 
C) hyperglycemia;lower 
D) hyperglycemia;higher 
E) none of the above

Question 5

The pathway followed by glucose when energy is needed is

Accepted Answer

A) gluconeogenesis. 
B) glycogenesis. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) lipogenesis. 
E) the pentose phosphate pathway. 
A) gluconeogenesis. 
B) glycogenesis. 
C) glycolysis. 
D) lipogenesis. 
E) the pentose phosphate pathway.

Question 6

The hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen is

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon. 
B) insulin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) cortisone. 
E) sorbitol. 
A) glucagon. 
B) insulin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) cortisone. 
E) sorbitol.

Question 7

The major products of carbohydrate digestion are

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides and disaccharides. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) acetyl CoA. 
D) pyruvic acid. 
A) monosaccharides and disaccharides. 
B) monosaccharides. 
C) acetyl CoA. 
D) pyruvic acid.

Question 8

The diseases identified as diabetes are primarily associated with a malfunction of the hormone

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon. 
B) insulin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) cortisone. 
E) sorbitol. 
A) glucagon. 
B) insulin. 
C) epinephrine. 
D) cortisone. 
E) sorbitol.

Question 9

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when energy for anabolic reactions is a priority is

Accepted Answer

A) producing NADPH. 
B) producing ribose. 
C) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP. 
D) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle. 
E) providing intermediates for glycogenesis. 
A) producing NADPH. 
B) producing ribose. 
C) meeting the need for large amounts of ATP. 
D) providing intermediates for the citric acid cycle. 
E) providing intermediates for glycogenesis.

Question 10

When energy is needed and adequate oxygen is available,pyruvate is converted to

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) glycogen. 
C) lactate. 
D) ethanol. 
E) acetyl-CoA. 
A) glucose. 
B) glycogen. 
C) lactate. 
D) ethanol. 
E) acetyl-CoA.

Question 11

In the first step of glycolysis,the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is known as

Accepted Answer

A) isomerization. 
B) reduction. 
C) oxidation. 
D) phosphorylation. 
E) dehydration. 
A) isomerization. 
B) reduction. 
C) oxidation. 
D) phosphorylation. 
E) dehydration.

Question 12

The enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is

Accepted Answer

A) aldolase. 
B) d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase. 
C) phosphofructokinase. 
D) hexokinase. 
E) none of the above 
A) aldolase. 
B) d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase. 
C) phosphofructokinase. 
D) hexokinase. 
E) none of the above

Question 13

The dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate uses the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate kinase. 
B) phosphoglycerate kinase. 
C) enolase. 
D) hexokinase. 
E) aldolase. 
A) pyruvate kinase. 
B) phosphoglycerate kinase. 
C) enolase. 
D) hexokinase. 
E) aldolase.

Question 14

Which of the following is not used as an energy source in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) UTP 
C) UTC 
D) GTP 
E) More than one choice is correct. 
A) ATP 
B) UTP 
C) UTC 
D) GTP 
E) More than one choice is correct.

Question 15

How many ATP are generated from the 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules formed during complete oxidation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 30 
C) 38 
D) 25 
E) 34 
A) 20 
B) 30 
C) 38 
D) 25 
E) 34

Question 16

The overall yield of ATP molecules from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose in humans and other mammals is

Accepted Answer

A) 18. 
B) 24. 
C) 38. 
D) 42. 
E) 56. 
A) 18. 
B) 24. 
C) 38. 
D) 42. 
E) 56.

Question 17

Which reaction(s)of glycolysis is(are)key regulation step(s)in the process?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of fructose-6-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate 
B) formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose 
C) cleave of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
D) formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate from fructose-6-phosphate 
E) Both B and D. 
A) formation of fructose-6-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate 
B) formation of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose 
C) cleave of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
D) formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate from fructose-6-phosphate 
E) Both B and D.

Question 18

When blood sugar levels are lower than normal,this condition is called

Accepted Answer

A) hypoglycemia. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) glucosuria. 
D) diabetes mellitus. 
A) hypoglycemia. 
B) hyperglycemia. 
C) glucosuria. 
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 19

Match the following.
-glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A) the conversion of glucose into carbohydrate molecules containing phosphate groups and five carbon atoms 
B) the conversion of glucose into glycogen 
C) the conversion of glycogen into glucose 
D) the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources 
E) the conversion of glucose into pyruvate 
A) the conversion of glucose into carbohydrate molecules containing phosphate groups and five carbon atoms 
B) the conversion of glucose into glycogen 
C) the conversion of glycogen into glucose 
D) the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources 
E) the conversion of glucose into pyruvate

Question 20

Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) red blood;white blood 
B) red blood;liver 
C) muscle;white blood 
D) muscle;liver 
E) bone;white blood 
A) red blood;white blood 
B) red blood;liver 
C) muscle;white blood 
D) muscle;liver 
E) bone;white blood

Exam 22: Carbohydrate Metabolism

The pain and cramps that occur during physical exhaustion are associated with the formation of excess

What cofactor is needed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA?

Steps 6-10 of glycolysis are referred to as the "energy generation" portion of the process because these steps

A lack of insulin causes ________,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is ________ than normal.

The pathway followed by glucose when energy is needed is

The hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen is

The major products of carbohydrate digestion are

The diseases identified as diabetes are primarily associated with a malfunction of the hormone

The major function of the pentose phosphate pathway when energy for anabolic reactions is a priority is

When energy is needed and adequate oxygen is available,pyruvate is converted to

In the first step of glycolysis,the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is known as

The enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is

The dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate uses the enzyme

Which of the following is not used as an energy source in metabolism?

How many ATP are generated from the 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules formed during complete oxidation of glucose?

The overall yield of ATP molecules from the complete catabolism of one molecule of glucose in humans and other mammals is

Which reaction(s)of glycolysis is(are)key regulation step(s)in the process?

When blood sugar levels are lower than normal,this condition is called

Match the following. -glycolysis

Glycogen is most commonly found in ________ cells and ________ cells.

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Aldehydes and Ketones

Amines

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

A lack of insulin causes ,a state in which the concentration of blood sugar is than normal.

How many ATP are generated from the 10 NADH and 2 FADH₂ molecules formed during complete oxidation of glucose?

Glycogen is most commonly found in cells and cells.