Question 1

The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the

Accepted Answer

A) hormone. 
B) substrate. 
C) cofactor. 
D) inhibitor. 
E) vitamin. 
A) hormone. 
B) substrate. 
C) cofactor. 
D) inhibitor. 
E) vitamin. B

Question 2

Which mechanism of enzyme control determines the amount of enzyme available?

Accepted Answer

A) allosteric control 
B) competitive inhibition 
C) zymogen production 
D) covalent modification 
E) genetic control 
A) allosteric control 
B) competitive inhibition 
C) zymogen production 
D) covalent modification 
E) genetic control E

Question 3

All of the following are mechanisms for control of enzyme activity except

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition. 
B) feedback. 
C) allosteric interactions. 
D) genetic regulation. 
E) hydrolysis. 
A) inhibition. 
B) feedback. 
C) allosteric interactions. 
D) genetic regulation. 
E) hydrolysis. E

Question 4

Match the following.
-zymogen

Accepted Answer

A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions 
A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions

Question 5

Which factor is not important in explaining how enzymes work?

Accepted Answer

A) Two different substrate molecules are brought into close contact. 
B) Substrates are brought into solution more easily. 
C) The bonds in substrates are subjected to strains which weaken them. 
D) Substrates are forced into the correct orientation for interaction. 
E) Substrates are placed near acidic or basic sites. 
A) Two different substrate molecules are brought into close contact. 
B) Substrates are brought into solution more easily. 
C) The bonds in substrates are subjected to strains which weaken them. 
D) Substrates are forced into the correct orientation for interaction. 
E) Substrates are placed near acidic or basic sites.

Question 6

Which is the correct term for the inactive form of an enzyme,often used for transport or storage?

Accepted Answer

A) coenzyme 
B) apoenzyme 
C) zymogen 
D) inhibitor 
E) activator 
A) coenzyme 
B) apoenzyme 
C) zymogen 
D) inhibitor 
E) activator

Question 7

An enzyme that is classified as a hydrolase is involved in ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) oxidation 
B) reduction 
C) isomerization 
D) polymerization 
E) hydrolysis 
A) oxidation 
B) reduction 
C) isomerization 
D) polymerization 
E) hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following are considered to be macrominerals?

Accepted Answer

A) potassium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) phosphorus 
E) all of these 
A) potassium 
B) sodium 
C) calcium 
D) phosphorus 
E) all of these

Question 9

When an enzyme is saturated it

Accepted Answer

A) has been completely consumed,and that reaction cannot occur again until new enzymes are produced. 
B) is in high concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate is directly proportional to substrate concentration. 
C) is in low concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate is directly proportional to enzyme concentration. 
D) is in low concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate approaches its maximum. 
E) none of the above 
A) has been completely consumed,and that reaction cannot occur again until new enzymes are produced. 
B) is in high concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate is directly proportional to substrate concentration. 
C) is in low concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate is directly proportional to enzyme concentration. 
D) is in low concentration relative to the substrate,and the reaction rate approaches its maximum. 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Enzymes function as catalysts by

Accepted Answer

A) changing the value of the free energy change to a more favorable value. 
B) changing the value of the equilibrium constant to a more favorable value. 
C) lowering the value of the activation energy. 
D) increasing the amount of time needed to reach equilibrium. 
E) becoming one of the reactants. 
A) changing the value of the free energy change to a more favorable value. 
B) changing the value of the equilibrium constant to a more favorable value. 
C) lowering the value of the activation energy. 
D) increasing the amount of time needed to reach equilibrium. 
E) becoming one of the reactants.

Question 11

The nonprotein portion required by some enzymes for proper functioning is called a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) zymogen. 
B) substrate. 
C) inhibitor. 
D) cofactor. 
E) activator. 
A) zymogen. 
B) substrate. 
C) inhibitor. 
D) cofactor. 
E) activator.

Question 12

The theory of enzyme mechanism that suggests a rigid,inflexible molecule is the ________ model.

Accepted Answer

A) coenzyme 
B) induced-fit 
C) lock-and-key 
D) substrate specific 
E) active site 
A) coenzyme 
B) induced-fit 
C) lock-and-key 
D) substrate specific 
E) active site

Question 13

In a normal biochemical system,the rate of a specific reaction is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) pH and temperature. 
B) pH and enzyme efficiency. 
C) temperature and enzyme efficiency. 
D) temperature and substrate concentration. 
E) enzyme efficiency and substrate concentration. 
A) pH and temperature. 
B) pH and enzyme efficiency. 
C) temperature and enzyme efficiency. 
D) temperature and substrate concentration. 
E) enzyme efficiency and substrate concentration.

Question 14

The genetic control strategy of enzyme control is most useful for production of enzymes that

Accepted Answer

A) act as hydrolases. 
B) function for only one specific reaction. 
C) are produced as zymogens. 
D) require vitamins as cofactors. 
E) are needed only at certain stages of development. 
A) act as hydrolases. 
B) function for only one specific reaction. 
C) are produced as zymogens. 
D) require vitamins as cofactors. 
E) are needed only at certain stages of development.

Question 15

A deficiency in in which of the following has been shown to cause cardiac muscle damage?

Accepted Answer

A) magnesium 
B) selenium 
C) manganese 
D) iodine 
E) chromium 
A) magnesium 
B) selenium 
C) manganese 
D) iodine 
E) chromium

Question 16

A synthetase can be classified as a(an)________ because its function is joining two molecules together.

Accepted Answer

A) ligase 
B) isomerase 
C) oxidoreductase 
D) transferase 
E) hydrolase 
A) ligase 
B) isomerase 
C) oxidoreductase 
D) transferase 
E) hydrolase

Question 17

Match the following.
-activation

Accepted Answer

A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions 
A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions

Question 18

A multi-step biochemical process in which the rate of an early step is affected by the concentration of products of a later step is said to be subject to

Accepted Answer

A) decomposition. 
B) feedback control. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) pH control. 
E) all of the above 
A) decomposition. 
B) feedback control. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) pH control. 
E) all of the above

Question 19

Poisons such as heavy metal ions or insecticides can disrupt enzyme function by

Accepted Answer

A) competitive inhibition. 
B) irreversible inhibition. 
C) disruption of tertiary structure. 
D) covalent modification. 
E) all of the above 
A) competitive inhibition. 
B) irreversible inhibition. 
C) disruption of tertiary structure. 
D) covalent modification. 
E) all of the above

Question 20

Match the following.
-ligase

Accepted Answer

A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions 
A) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of large molecules by reaction with water 
B) a type of enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another 
C) a substance that prevents harmful reactions of free radicals 
D) an inactive form of an enzyme;also called a proenzyme 
E) any process which decreases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
F)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules together
G)a description of the catalytic activity of an enzyme,where a small value means that very few molecules are acted on in a unit of time
H)a description of enzyme activity based on the ability of the enzyme to change shape in order to accommodate substrate molecules
I)any process that increases the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
J)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a small molecule from a larger one
K)a description of enzyme activity based on an exact match between the shapes of the active site and the substrate molecule
L)a small organic molecule necessary for good health that must be obtained in the diet
M)a type of enzyme that catalyzes the internal rearrangement of molecules
N)a type of enzyme that catalyzes oxidation or reduction reactions

Exam 19: Enzymes and Vitamins

The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called the

Which mechanism of enzyme control determines the amount of enzyme available?

All of the following are mechanisms for control of enzyme activity except

Match the following. -zymogen

Which factor is not important in explaining how enzymes work?

Which is the correct term for the inactive form of an enzyme,often used for transport or storage?

An enzyme that is classified as a hydrolase is involved in ________ reactions.

Which of the following are considered to be macrominerals?

When an enzyme is saturated it

Enzymes function as catalysts by

The nonprotein portion required by some enzymes for proper functioning is called a(an)

The theory of enzyme mechanism that suggests a rigid,inflexible molecule is the ________ model.

In a normal biochemical system,the rate of a specific reaction is determined by

The genetic control strategy of enzyme control is most useful for production of enzymes that

A deficiency in in which of the following has been shown to cause cardiac muscle damage?

A synthetase can be classified as a(an)________ because its function is joining two molecules together.

Match the following. -activation

A multi-step biochemical process in which the rate of an early step is affected by the concentration of products of a later step is said to be subject to

Poisons such as heavy metal ions or insecticides can disrupt enzyme function by

Match the following. -ligase

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Aldehydes and Ketones

Amines

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Carbohydrates

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

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