Question 1

One example of an amino acid derivative that acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter is

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) thyroxine. 
C) growth hormone (GH). 
D) estrogen. 
E) cortisone. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) thyroxine. 
C) growth hormone (GH). 
D) estrogen. 
E) cortisone.

Question 2

A drug that behaves as an antagonist affects a receptor cell by

Accepted Answer

A) irreversibly binding to the targeted receptor site,preventing any response. 
B) prolonging the response of the receptor cell. 
C) blocking the response of the receptor cell. 
D) speeding up the response of the receptor cell. 
E) hydrolyzing the proteins involved in the receptor site. 
A) irreversibly binding to the targeted receptor site,preventing any response. 
B) prolonging the response of the receptor cell. 
C) blocking the response of the receptor cell. 
D) speeding up the response of the receptor cell. 
E) hydrolyzing the proteins involved in the receptor site.

Question 3

Describe in detail the two ways in which a hormone can deliver its message to a target cell.What characteristics of the hormone determine which mechanism is used?

Accepted Answer

Because they are largely non-polar and h

Question 4

Which statement(s)about hormones are correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They are secreted by specific tissues. 
B) They act over short distances. 
C) They travel through the blood stream to the location of action. 
D) Both A and B. 
E) Both A and C. 
A) They are secreted by specific tissues. 
B) They act over short distances. 
C) They travel through the blood stream to the location of action. 
D) Both A and B. 
E) Both A and C.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones acts directly rather than through a secondary messenger?

Accepted Answer

A) estradiol 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) epinephrine 
E) vasopressin 
A) estradiol 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) epinephrine 
E) vasopressin

Question 6

Which hormone is an example of a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine 
B) thyroxine 
C) growth hormone (GH) 
D) estrogen 
E) cortisone 
A) epinephrine 
B) thyroxine 
C) growth hormone (GH) 
D) estrogen 
E) cortisone

Question 7

The two systems responsible for regulating the huge number of chemical processes in the human body are the ________ and ________ systems.

Accepted Answer

A) circulatory; digestive 
B) reproductive; endocrine 
C) nervous; endocrine 
D) nervous; digestive 
E) digestive; endocrine 
A) circulatory; digestive 
B) reproductive; endocrine 
C) nervous; endocrine 
D) nervous; digestive 
E) digestive; endocrine

Question 8

Vasopressin is an example of which type of hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) polypeptide 
B) amino acid 
C) steroid 
D) polyatomic 
E) none of the above 
A) polypeptide 
B) amino acid 
C) steroid 
D) polyatomic 
E) none of the above

Question 9

Match the following.
-secondary messenger

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone 
A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Question 10

Androgens are a specific type of steroid whose function is to

Accepted Answer

A) maintain pregnancy. 
B) promote development of secondary male sex characteristics. 
C) promote development of secondary female sex characteristics. 
D) regulate the sodium/potassium balance in cellular fluids. 
E) regulate glucose metabolism. 
A) maintain pregnancy. 
B) promote development of secondary male sex characteristics. 
C) promote development of secondary female sex characteristics. 
D) regulate the sodium/potassium balance in cellular fluids. 
E) regulate glucose metabolism.

Question 11

A hormone that is involved in maintaining electrolyte balance in cells is classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) mineralocorticoid. 
B) glucocorticoid. 
C) sex hormone. 
D) receptor molecule. 
E) inhibitor. 
A) mineralocorticoid. 
B) glucocorticoid. 
C) sex hormone. 
D) receptor molecule. 
E) inhibitor.

Question 12

Match the following.
-neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone 
A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Question 13

Which descriptions are true of hormones?
I.produced by the nervous system
II.transported in the blood stream
III.interact with any cell having the appropriate receptor
IV.act within 1 second or less after release
V.effects may last several hours or days

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III 
B) II,III,V 
C) I,III,V 
D) I,IV 
E) none of these 
A) I,II,III 
B) II,III,V 
C) I,III,V 
D) I,IV 
E) none of these

Question 14

Most drugs used as antihistamines prevent allergic reactions by acting as

Accepted Answer

A) a neurotransmitter to enhance the response of histamine receptor sites. 
B) allosteric inhibitors of the destruction of histamine. 
C) competitors for reuptake of histamine. 
D) antagonists to the histamine receptor sites. 
E) none of these 
A) a neurotransmitter to enhance the response of histamine receptor sites. 
B) allosteric inhibitors of the destruction of histamine. 
C) competitors for reuptake of histamine. 
D) antagonists to the histamine receptor sites. 
E) none of these

Question 15

Which of the following hormones must deliver its signal using the "second-messenger" mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) estradiol 
B) testosterone 
C) vasopressin 
D) progesterone 
E) androsterone 
A) estradiol 
B) testosterone 
C) vasopressin 
D) progesterone 
E) androsterone

Question 16

Which statement about hormones is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones can affect biochemical reactions by inhibiting enzymes. 
B) Hormones are transported in the bloodstream. 
C) Hormones can affect biochemical reactions by activating enzymes. 
D) Hormones are usually produced by endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are very specific,affecting only one chemical reaction. 
A) Hormones can affect biochemical reactions by inhibiting enzymes. 
B) Hormones are transported in the bloodstream. 
C) Hormones can affect biochemical reactions by activating enzymes. 
D) Hormones are usually produced by endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are very specific,affecting only one chemical reaction.

Question 17

All of the following types of molecules function as chemical messengers in the body except

Accepted Answer

A) polypeptide hormones such as insulin. 
B) steroid hormones such as progesterone. 
C) neurons,including axons and dendrons. 
D) amino acid derivatives classified as catecholamines. 
E) neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine. 
A) polypeptide hormones such as insulin. 
B) steroid hormones such as progesterone. 
C) neurons,including axons and dendrons. 
D) amino acid derivatives classified as catecholamines. 
E) neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine.

Question 18

When acetylcholine is adsorbed onto a cholinergic receptor of a neuron,

Accepted Answer

A) the membranes of the neurons are destroyed. 
B) the ion gates are opened and ions freely flow across the membranes. 
C) the axon of the neuron breaks off. 
D) the membranes of the neurons become rigid and breakable. 
E) more than one of the above happens. 
A) the membranes of the neurons are destroyed. 
B) the ion gates are opened and ions freely flow across the membranes. 
C) the axon of the neuron breaks off. 
D) the membranes of the neurons become rigid and breakable. 
E) more than one of the above happens.

Question 19

If a neurotransmitter molecule is to be used again to carry messages,it is removed from the postsynaptic neuron by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) antagonism. 
B) enzymatic destruction. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) impulse transmission. 
E) reuptake. 
A) antagonism. 
B) enzymatic destruction. 
C) hydrolysis. 
D) impulse transmission. 
E) reuptake.

Question 20

Match the following.
-progesterone

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone 
A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Exam 28: Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

One example of an amino acid derivative that acts as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter is

A drug that behaves as an antagonist affects a receptor cell by

Describe in detail the two ways in which a hormone can deliver its message to a target cell.What characteristics of the hormone determine which mechanism is used?

Which statement(s)about hormones are correct?

Which of the following hormones acts directly rather than through a secondary messenger?

Which hormone is an example of a polypeptide?

The two systems responsible for regulating the huge number of chemical processes in the human body are the ________ and ________ systems.

Vasopressin is an example of which type of hormone?

Match the following. -secondary messenger

Androgens are a specific type of steroid whose function is to

A hormone that is involved in maintaining electrolyte balance in cells is classified as a(an)

Match the following. -neurotransmitter

Which descriptions are true of hormones? I.produced by the nervous system II.transported in the blood stream III.interact with any cell having the appropriate receptor IV.act within 1 second or less after release V.effects may last several hours or days

Most drugs used as antihistamines prevent allergic reactions by acting as

Which of the following hormones must deliver its signal using the "second-messenger" mechanism?

Which statement about hormones is not correct?

All of the following types of molecules function as chemical messengers in the body except

When acetylcholine is adsorbed onto a cholinergic receptor of a neuron,

If a neurotransmitter molecule is to be used again to carry messages,it is removed from the postsynaptic neuron by the process of

Match the following. -progesterone

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Body Fluids

Filters

The two systems responsible for regulating the huge number of chemical processes in the human body are the and systems.