Question 1

The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 A

Question 2

All of the following are components of nucleotides except

Accepted Answer

A) aldopentoses in the form of five-membered rings. 
B) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of six-membered rings. 
C) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of two fused rings. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) metal ions. 
A) aldopentoses in the form of five-membered rings. 
B) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of six-membered rings. 
C) heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of two fused rings. 
D) phosphate groups. 
E) metal ions. E

Question 3

Match the following.
-purine bases

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA 
A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA I

Question 4

What are the repeating units in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides 
B) amino acids 
C) nucleotides 
D) nucleosides 
E) nitrogen bases 
A) monosaccharides 
B) amino acids 
C) nucleotides 
D) nucleosides 
E) nitrogen bases

Question 5

Chromatin is

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear material composed of DNA and histones. 
B) the portion of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. 
C) a protein found on the surface of a cell. 
D) the fluid part of a cell that surrounds the organelles. 
E) a component of cell membranes. 
A) nuclear material composed of DNA and histones. 
B) the portion of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. 
C) a protein found on the surface of a cell. 
D) the fluid part of a cell that surrounds the organelles. 
E) a component of cell membranes.

Question 6

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) D-ribose 
B) 2-deoxy-D-ribose 
C) D-rhamnose 
D) D-raffinose 
E) all of the above 
A) D-ribose 
B) 2-deoxy-D-ribose 
C) D-rhamnose 
D) D-raffinose 
E) all of the above

Question 7

The purine bases are

Accepted Answer

A) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. 
B) 6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens. 
C) 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. 
D) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens. 
E) none of the above 
A) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. 
B) 6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens. 
C) 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. 
D) fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens. 
E) none of the above

Question 8

What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA?

Accepted Answer

A) TGCA 
B) AGCT 
C) CTAC 
D) GATC 
E) TCGA 
A) TGCA 
B) AGCT 
C) CTAC 
D) GATC 
E) TCGA

Question 9

The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) replication. 
C) transcription. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation. 
A) mutation. 
B) replication. 
C) transcription. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation.

Question 10

When a new strand of RNA is transcribed from the DNA strand shown,its base sequence will be
Informational strand of DNA: TTACGGAT
Template strand of DNA: AATGCCTA

Accepted Answer

A) TTACGGAT. 
B) AATGCCTA. 
C) UUACGGAU. 
D) AAUGCCUA. 
E) UUTGCCTU. 
A) TTACGGAT. 
B) AATGCCTA. 
C) UUACGGAU. 
D) AAUGCCUA. 
E) UUTGCCTU.

Question 11

When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose,the resulting molecule is called

Accepted Answer

A) riboguanine. 
B) deoxyriboguanine. 
C) deoxyriboguanosine. 
D) guanosine. 
E) deoxyguanidine. 
A) riboguanine. 
B) deoxyriboguanine. 
C) deoxyriboguanosine. 
D) guanosine. 
E) deoxyguanidine.

Question 12

The central belief of molecular genetics states that

Accepted Answer

A) every copy of DNA is an exact replica of the parent molecule. 
B) DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads,decodes,and uses that information. 
C) in DNA and RNA adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. 
D) each amino acid is coded by a unique set of three base pairs. 
E) replication of DNA is a semiconservative process. 
A) every copy of DNA is an exact replica of the parent molecule. 
B) DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads,decodes,and uses that information. 
C) in DNA and RNA adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. 
D) each amino acid is coded by a unique set of three base pairs. 
E) replication of DNA is a semiconservative process.

Question 13

Codons provide the information needed to synthesize

Accepted Answer

A) nucleic acids. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) proteins. 
A) nucleic acids. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) proteins.

Question 14

During the process of transcription,the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ________ in the new mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) guanine 
B) thymine 
C) cytosine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine 
A) guanine 
B) thymine 
C) cytosine 
D) uracil 
E) adenine

Question 15

Match the following.
-nucleotide

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA 
A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 16

Match the following.
-codon

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA 
A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 17

Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A) storage and transfer of genetic information 
B) storage and intracellular transfer of energy 
C) catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions 
D) structural support in both plants and animals 
E) long-term storage of energy 
A) storage and transfer of genetic information 
B) storage and intracellular transfer of energy 
C) catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions 
D) structural support in both plants and animals 
E) long-term storage of energy

Question 18

A nucleotide is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) amide of a nitrogen base and a fatty acid. 
B) amide of a nucleoside and a fatty acid. 
C) ester of a nucleoside and a fatty acid. 
D) 5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside. 
E) polymer of alternating ribose and purine or pyrimidine units. 
A) amide of a nitrogen base and a fatty acid. 
B) amide of a nucleoside and a fatty acid. 
C) ester of a nucleoside and a fatty acid. 
D) 5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside. 
E) polymer of alternating ribose and purine or pyrimidine units.

Question 19

Match the following.
-pyrimidine bases

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA 
A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 20

Match the following.
-genetic code

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA 
A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Exam 25: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________.

All of the following are components of nucleotides except

Match the following. -purine bases

What are the repeating units in nucleic acids?

Chromatin is

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________.

The purine bases are

What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA?

The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called

When a new strand of RNA is transcribed from the DNA strand shown,its base sequence will be Informational strand of DNA: TTACGGAT Template strand of DNA: AATGCCTA

When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose,the resulting molecule is called

The central belief of molecular genetics states that

Codons provide the information needed to synthesize

During the process of transcription,the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ________ in the new mRNA.

Match the following. -nucleotide

Match the following. -codon

Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids?

A nucleotide is a(an)

Match the following. -pyrimidine bases

Match the following. -genetic code

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters