Question 1

A metabolic pathway in which a series of steps,each using different enzymes,regenerates one of the early reactants,is a(an)________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 
C) cyclic 
D) linear 
E) spiral 
A) anabolic 
B) catabolic 
C) cyclic 
D) linear 
E) spiral C

Question 2

The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones and energy is released is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration. 
A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration. B

Question 3

In the first step of the citric acid cycle,acetyl-SCoA reacts with ________ to produce ________,which is isomerized to ________ in the second step.

Accepted Answer

A) succinate; fumarate; malate 
B) succinate; malate; fumarate 
C) oxaloacetate; isocitrate; citrate 
D) oxaloacetate; citrate; isocitrate 
E) aconitase; isocitrate; citrate 
A) succinate; fumarate; malate 
B) succinate; malate; fumarate 
C) oxaloacetate; isocitrate; citrate 
D) oxaloacetate; citrate; isocitrate 
E) aconitase; isocitrate; citrate D

Question 4

Which group of compounds includes only high-energy molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP,acetyl-SCoA,NADH,FADH2 
B) ADP,acetyl-SCoA,NAD+,FAD 
C) ATP,CO2,NADH,FADH2 
D) ADP,CO2,NADH,FADH2 
E) ATP,CO2,NAD+,FAD 
A) ATP,acetyl-SCoA,NADH,FADH2 
B) ADP,acetyl-SCoA,NAD+,FAD 
C) ATP,CO2,NADH,FADH2 
D) ADP,CO2,NADH,FADH2 
E) ATP,CO2,NAD+,FAD

Question 5

Every turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces ________ molecule(s)of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) one 
C) two 
D) three 
E) six 
A) zero 
B) one 
C) two 
D) three 
E) six

Question 6

The sum of all the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is

Accepted Answer

A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration. 
A) anabolism. 
B) catabolism. 
C) digestion. 
D) metabolism. 
E) respiration.

Question 7

Exergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; are 
B) positive; are not 
C) negative; are 
D) negative; are not 
E) none of the above 
A) positive; are 
B) positive; are not 
C) negative; are 
D) negative; are not 
E) none of the above

Question 8

All of the following are specific requirements for energy in biochemical processes except

Accepted Answer

A) stored energy must be in a form that is chemically accessible. 
B) release of energy from storage must occur at a carefully controlled rate. 
C) release of energy from food must occur gradually. 
D) energy needed for unfavorable reactions must be available in the form of heat. 
E) the correct amount of heat must be released from biochemical reactions to maintain body temperature. 
A) stored energy must be in a form that is chemically accessible. 
B) release of energy from storage must occur at a carefully controlled rate. 
C) release of energy from food must occur gradually. 
D) energy needed for unfavorable reactions must be available in the form of heat. 
E) the correct amount of heat must be released from biochemical reactions to maintain body temperature.

Question 9

The formation of acetyl coenzyme A is an example of a(an)________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) esterification 
B) redox 
C) addition 
D) acid / base 
E) elimination 
A) esterification 
B) redox 
C) addition 
D) acid / base 
E) elimination

Question 10

The proton translocating ATP synthase complex is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol. 
B) outer membrane of the mitochondria. 
C) inner membrane of the mitochondria. 
D) matrix. 
E) intermembrane space. 
A) cytosol. 
B) outer membrane of the mitochondria. 
C) inner membrane of the mitochondria. 
D) matrix. 
E) intermembrane space.

Question 11

Harmful byproducts of biochemical oxidation include

Accepted Answer

A) superoxide dismutase and catalase. 
B) vitamins A,C,and E. 
C) superoxide ions and hydroxyl free radicals. 
D) ATP. 
E) coenzyme Q. 
A) superoxide dismutase and catalase. 
B) vitamins A,C,and E. 
C) superoxide ions and hydroxyl free radicals. 
D) ATP. 
E) coenzyme Q.

Question 12

In a pair of coupled reactions,if the favorable reaction releases more energy than the amount required by the unfavorable reaction,the excess energy is

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorbed by the favorable reaction to be used later. 
B) released as heat and used to maintain body temperature. 
C) used by the unfavorable reaction to create more products than normally expected. 
D) converted to high energy ATP. 
E) used to produce reduced coenzymes. 
A) reabsorbed by the favorable reaction to be used later. 
B) released as heat and used to maintain body temperature. 
C) used by the unfavorable reaction to create more products than normally expected. 
D) converted to high energy ATP. 
E) used to produce reduced coenzymes.

Question 13

In addition to producing ATP,the citric acid cycle produces ________ as high energy molecules and ________ as its major chemical waste product.

Accepted Answer

A) oxidized coenzymes; H2O 
B) oxidized coenzymes; CO2 
C) reduced coenzymes; H2O 
D) reduced coenzymes; CO2 
E) ADP; O2 
A) oxidized coenzymes; H2O 
B) oxidized coenzymes; CO2 
C) reduced coenzymes; H2O 
D) reduced coenzymes; CO2 
E) ADP; O2

Question 14

Match the following.
-digestion

Accepted Answer

A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP 
A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP

Question 15

Exergonic reactions are those that are ________ and that ________ liberate free energy.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous; do 
B) nonspontaneous; do 
C) spontaneous; do not 
D) nonspontaneous; do not 
E) none of the above 
A) spontaneous; do 
B) nonspontaneous; do 
C) spontaneous; do not 
D) nonspontaneous; do not 
E) none of the above

Question 16

The reaction in which ATP is converted to ADP with release of 7.3 kcal is a(an)________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis 
B) reduction 
C) combustion 
D) oxidation 
E) polymerization 
A) hydrolysis 
B) reduction 
C) combustion 
D) oxidation 
E) polymerization

Question 17

The mitochondria are the location where ________ takes place and most ________ is produced.

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid cycle; ATP 
B) digestion; acetyl coenzyme A 
C) digestion; ATP 
D) citric acid cycle; acetyl coenzyme A 
E) digestion; fatty acid 
A) citric acid cycle; ATP 
B) digestion; acetyl coenzyme A 
C) digestion; ATP 
D) citric acid cycle; acetyl coenzyme A 
E) digestion; fatty acid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about free radicals is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) They are a by-product of oxygen-consuming redox reactions. 
B) Their unpaired electron makes them extremely reactive. 
C) They can disrupt covalent bonds in biomolecules. 
D) B vitamins provide protection from their harmful effects. 
E) Superoxide catalase is one of the specific enzymes that can provide protection from their harmful effects. 
A) They are a by-product of oxygen-consuming redox reactions. 
B) Their unpaired electron makes them extremely reactive. 
C) They can disrupt covalent bonds in biomolecules. 
D) B vitamins provide protection from their harmful effects. 
E) Superoxide catalase is one of the specific enzymes that can provide protection from their harmful effects.

Question 19

Match the following.
-ATP

Accepted Answer

A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP 
A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of NAD+ and FAD?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy in the reduced state is used to produce ATP. 
B) They both contain two nucleosides. 
C) They donate electrons to the electron transport system. 
D) The reduced form of FAD has more energy than the reduced form of NAD+. 
A) Energy in the reduced state is used to produce ATP. 
B) They both contain two nucleosides. 
C) They donate electrons to the electron transport system. 
D) The reduced form of FAD has more energy than the reduced form of NAD+.

Exam 20: The Generation of Biochemical Energy

A metabolic pathway in which a series of steps,each using different enzymes,regenerates one of the early reactants,is a(an)________ pathway.

The biochemical process in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones and energy is released is referred to as

In the first step of the citric acid cycle,acetyl-SCoA reacts with ________ to produce ________,which is isomerized to ________ in the second step.

Which group of compounds includes only high-energy molecules?

Every turn of the citric acid cycle directly produces ________ molecule(s)of ATP.

The sum of all the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is

Exergonic reactions are those that have a ________ value of ΔG and ________ spontaneous.

All of the following are specific requirements for energy in biochemical processes except

The formation of acetyl coenzyme A is an example of a(an)________ reaction.

The proton translocating ATP synthase complex is located in the

Harmful byproducts of biochemical oxidation include

In a pair of coupled reactions,if the favorable reaction releases more energy than the amount required by the unfavorable reaction,the excess energy is

In addition to producing ATP,the citric acid cycle produces ________ as high energy molecules and ________ as its major chemical waste product.

Match the following. -digestion

Exergonic reactions are those that are ________ and that ________ liberate free energy.

The reaction in which ATP is converted to ADP with release of 7.3 kcal is a(an)________ reaction.

The mitochondria are the location where ________ takes place and most ________ is produced.

Which of the following statements about free radicals is incorrect?

Match the following. -ATP

Which of the following is not true of NAD+ and FAD?

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

In the first step of the citric acid cycle,acetyl-SCoA reacts with to produce ,which is isomerized to in the second step.

Exergonic reactions are those that have a value of ΔG and spontaneous.

In addition to producing ATP,the citric acid cycle produces as high energy molecules and as its major chemical waste product.

Exergonic reactions are those that are and that liberate free energy.

The mitochondria are the location where takes place and most is produced.

Which of the following is not true of NAD⁺ and FAD?