Question 1

Match the following.
-ADP

Accepted Answer

A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP 
A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP

Question 2

Which of the following reactions is the least energetic?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi 
C) ADP + H2O → AMP + Pi 
D) AMP + H2O → Adenosine + Pi 
E) All give off the same amount of energy. 
A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP + H2O → AMP + PPi 
C) ADP + H2O → AMP + Pi 
D) AMP + H2O → Adenosine + Pi 
E) All give off the same amount of energy.

Question 3

The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism is

Accepted Answer

A) ADP. 
B) acetyl-SCoA. 
C) glucose. 
D) citric acid. 
E) carbon dioxide. 
A) ADP. 
B) acetyl-SCoA. 
C) glucose. 
D) citric acid. 
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 4

The process of converting ADP to ATP in the mitochondrion takes place by a process known as

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) chemiosmosis. 
C) respiration. 
D) reductive phosphorylation 
E) chemiosmotic phosphorylation. 
A) oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) chemiosmosis. 
C) respiration. 
D) reductive phosphorylation 
E) chemiosmotic phosphorylation.

Question 5

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between NAD+ and NADH?

Accepted Answer

A) NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH. 
B) NAD+ is the reduced form of NADH. 
C) The conversion of NAD+ to NADH is an acid/base reaction. 
D) The conversion of NAD+ to NADH is a cyclization reaction. 
E) none of the above 
A) NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH. 
B) NAD+ is the reduced form of NADH. 
C) The conversion of NAD+ to NADH is an acid/base reaction. 
D) The conversion of NAD+ to NADH is a cyclization reaction. 
E) none of the above

Question 6

The enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation system are located in the

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol. 
B) nucleus. 
C) matrix of the mitochondria. 
D) cristae of the mitochondria. 
E) endoplasmic reticulum. 
A) cytosol. 
B) nucleus. 
C) matrix of the mitochondria. 
D) cristae of the mitochondria. 
E) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 7

The cellular organelle associated with energy production is the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) mitochondrion. 
C) Golgi apparatus. 
D) endoplasmic reticulum. 
E) lysosome. 
A) nucleus. 
B) mitochondrion. 
C) Golgi apparatus. 
D) endoplasmic reticulum. 
E) lysosome.

Question 8

Match the following.
-anabolism

Accepted Answer

A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP 
A) the stage of catabolism in which complex food molecules are broken down into simpler substances for transport and/or further reaction 
B) metabolic processes that consume energy in order to build molecules 
C) the universal energy currency of the cell; a molecule used to transfer energy 
D) the molecule produced from digestion products in the second stage of catabolism 
E) metabolic processes that break down large molecules,thereby releasing energy
F)the stage of catabolism in which acetyle-SCoA is oxidized to produce ATP,reduced coenzymes,and CO2
G)a molecule that can be phosphorylated as a means of temporarily storing energy
H)the stage of catabolism in which the energy stored in reduced coenzymes is converted to ATP

Question 9

The process by which the cell produces ATP in the mitochondria is called

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) electron transport 
A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) hydrolysis 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) electron transport

Question 10

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between FAD and FADH2?

Accepted Answer

A) FADH2 is the oxidized form of FAD. 
B) FADH2 is the reduced form of FAD. 
C) The conversion of FADH2 to FAD is an acid/base reaction. 
D) The conversion of FADH2 to FAD is a cyclization reaction. 
E) none of the above 
A) FADH2 is the oxidized form of FAD. 
B) FADH2 is the reduced form of FAD. 
C) The conversion of FADH2 to FAD is an acid/base reaction. 
D) The conversion of FADH2 to FAD is a cyclization reaction. 
E) none of the above

Question 11

ATP is the molecule most often used for energy transport because

Accepted Answer

A) a relatively large amount of energy is released upon hydrolysis of its two phosphoric anhydride bonds. 
B) its hydrolysis releases an intermediate amount of energy and is relatively slow except in the presence of the appropriate enzymes. 
C) it can only be produced in the citric acid cycle. 
D) it can only be produced as a result of reactions in the electron transport chain. 
E) its production from ADP is endergonic. 
A) a relatively large amount of energy is released upon hydrolysis of its two phosphoric anhydride bonds. 
B) its hydrolysis releases an intermediate amount of energy and is relatively slow except in the presence of the appropriate enzymes. 
C) it can only be produced in the citric acid cycle. 
D) it can only be produced as a result of reactions in the electron transport chain. 
E) its production from ADP is endergonic.

Question 12

In steps 3 and 4 of the citric acid cycle,successive oxidations produce ________ as a waste product and the four-carbon carrier ________.

Accepted Answer

A) CO2; oxaloacetate 
B) ADP; oxaloacetate 
C) CO2; succinyl-SCoA 
D) ADP; succinyl-SCoA 
E) CO2; malate 
A) CO2; oxaloacetate 
B) ADP; oxaloacetate 
C) CO2; succinyl-SCoA 
D) ADP; succinyl-SCoA 
E) CO2; malate

Question 13

Which sequence illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy?

Accepted Answer

A) digestion; citric acid cycle; ATP production; acetyl-SCoA production 
B) digestion; citric acid cycle; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production 
C) citric acid cycle; digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production 
D) digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; citric acid cycle; ATP production 
E) digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production; citric acid cycle 
A) digestion; citric acid cycle; ATP production; acetyl-SCoA production 
B) digestion; citric acid cycle; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production 
C) citric acid cycle; digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production 
D) digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; citric acid cycle; ATP production 
E) digestion; acetyl-SCoA production; ATP production; citric acid cycle

Question 14

A spiral metabolic sequence can best be described as one in which

Accepted Answer

A) the product of the first reaction is the starting material for the next reaction,and so on. 
B) a series of reactions regenerates the initial reactant. 
C) the various reactions have virtually no connection to one another. 
D) the same set of enzymes progressively builds up or breaks down a molecule. 
E) the same set of enzymes catalyses the same reaction in both the forward and reverse directions. 
A) the product of the first reaction is the starting material for the next reaction,and so on. 
B) a series of reactions regenerates the initial reactant. 
C) the various reactions have virtually no connection to one another. 
D) the same set of enzymes progressively builds up or breaks down a molecule. 
E) the same set of enzymes catalyses the same reaction in both the forward and reverse directions.

Question 15

After O2 has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) water 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) acetate 
E) acetyl-SCoA 
A) ATP 
B) water 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) acetate 
E) acetyl-SCoA

Question 16

The driving force which provides the energy for synthesis of ATP in the fourth stage of metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A) the exergonic conversion of ADP to ATP. 
B) the energy difference between reduced carbon atoms and oxidized carbon atoms. 
C) the concentration gradient of hydrogen ions between the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) the concentration difference in oxygen between the cell and the intercellular fluid. 
E) none of the above 
A) the exergonic conversion of ADP to ATP. 
B) the energy difference between reduced carbon atoms and oxidized carbon atoms. 
C) the concentration gradient of hydrogen ions between the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) the concentration difference in oxygen between the cell and the intercellular fluid. 
E) none of the above

Question 17

The contents of a cell found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane are called the

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) mitochondrial matrix. 
D) organelles. 
E) cytoplasm. 
A) cytosol. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) mitochondrial matrix. 
D) organelles. 
E) cytoplasm.

Question 18

All of the following chemicals are involved in the citric acid cycle except

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl-SCoA. 
B) isocitrate. 
C) succinate. 
D) malate. 
E) ascorbate. 
A) acetyl-SCoA. 
B) isocitrate. 
C) succinate. 
D) malate. 
E) ascorbate.

Question 19

The ultimate source of energy for all but a very few biochemical reactions is

Accepted Answer

A) hydrocarbons. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) the sun. 
E) ATP. 
A) hydrocarbons. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) lipids. 
D) the sun. 
E) ATP.

Question 20

Photosynthesis is an ________ process because the free energy of the products is ________ the free energy of the reactants.

Accepted Answer

A) endergonic; greater than 
B) exergonic; greater than 
C) endergonic; less than 
D) exergonic; less than 
E) equilibrium; the same as 
A) endergonic; greater than 
B) exergonic; greater than 
C) endergonic; less than 
D) exergonic; less than 
E) equilibrium; the same as

Exam 20: The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Match the following. -ADP

Which of the following reactions is the least energetic?

The common molecule produced from all foods at the second stage of catabolism is

The process of converting ADP to ATP in the mitochondrion takes place by a process known as

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between NAD+ and NADH?

The enzymes of the oxidative phosphorylation system are located in the

The cellular organelle associated with energy production is the

Match the following. -anabolism

The process by which the cell produces ATP in the mitochondria is called

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between FAD and FADH2?

ATP is the molecule most often used for energy transport because

In steps 3 and 4 of the citric acid cycle,successive oxidations produce ________ as a waste product and the four-carbon carrier ________.

Which sequence illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy?

A spiral metabolic sequence can best be described as one in which

After O2 has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

The driving force which provides the energy for synthesis of ATP in the fourth stage of metabolism is

The contents of a cell found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane are called the

All of the following chemicals are involved in the citric acid cycle except

The ultimate source of energy for all but a very few biochemical reactions is

Photosynthesis is an ________ process because the free energy of the products is ________ the free energy of the reactants.

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between NAD⁺ and NADH?

Which statement is true concerning the relationship between FAD and FADH₂?

In steps 3 and 4 of the citric acid cycle,successive oxidations produce as a waste product and the four-carbon carrier .

After O₂ has been reduced in the electron transport chain,the oxygen atoms are part of what molecules?

Photosynthesis is an process because the free energy of the products is the free energy of the reactants.