Question 1

Ketogenic amino acids cannot be converted into which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids 
B) glucose 
C) ketone bodies 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) They can be converted into all of the above. 
A) fatty acids 
B) glucose 
C) ketone bodies 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) They can be converted into all of the above. B

Question 2

Match the following.
-ketogenic amino acid

Accepted Answer

A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed 
A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed C

Question 3

Match the following.
-urea cycle

Accepted Answer

A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed 
A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed F

Question 4

Each of the following metabolic intermediates is a precursor to one or more amino acids except

Accepted Answer

A) fumarate. 
B) α-ketoglutarate. 
C) oxaloacetate. 
D) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
E) pyruvate. 
A) fumarate. 
B) α-ketoglutarate. 
C) oxaloacetate. 
D) 3-phosphoglycerate. 
E) pyruvate.

Question 5

α-ketoglutarate is converted to glutamate by

Accepted Answer

A) loss of a carbonyl group. 
B) loss of a carboxyl group. 
C) accepting an acetyl group. 
D) loss of an amide linkage. 
E) accepting an amine group. 
A) loss of a carbonyl group. 
B) loss of a carboxyl group. 
C) accepting an acetyl group. 
D) loss of an amide linkage. 
E) accepting an amine group.

Question 6

α-ketoacids are produced as a result of a transamination reaction with ________ acting as the donor molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) glutamate 
B) aspartate 
C) urea 
D) ornithine 
E) oxaloacetate 
A) glutamate 
B) aspartate 
C) urea 
D) ornithine 
E) oxaloacetate

Question 7

When the amine group of glutamate is replaced with a carbonyl group,the process is called

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis. 
B) oxidative deamination. 
C) reductive deamination. 
D) oxidative decarboxylation. 
E) phosphorylation. 
A) hydrolysis. 
B) oxidative deamination. 
C) reductive deamination. 
D) oxidative decarboxylation. 
E) phosphorylation.

Question 8

The structural formula of glutamate is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) NH4+ 
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) NH4+ 
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 9

The amino acid pool is the collection of

Accepted Answer

A) all amino acids available from the diet. 
B) amino acids produced from breakdown of proteins and available for reuse. 
C) essential amino acids available from the diet or from breakdown of other proteins. 
D) all free amino acids in the body. 
E) all amino acids in the body,whether free or part of proteins. 
A) all amino acids available from the diet. 
B) amino acids produced from breakdown of proteins and available for reuse. 
C) essential amino acids available from the diet or from breakdown of other proteins. 
D) all free amino acids in the body. 
E) all amino acids in the body,whether free or part of proteins.

Question 10

Which statement best summarizes the digestion of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Amine groups are removed from all amino acids. 
B) All peptide linkages are hydrolyzed to produce a mixture of amino acids. 
C) Proteins are denatured by stomach acid. 
D) Amino acids are combined to produce proteins or enzymes. 
E) none of the above 
A) Amine groups are removed from all amino acids. 
B) All peptide linkages are hydrolyzed to produce a mixture of amino acids. 
C) Proteins are denatured by stomach acid. 
D) Amino acids are combined to produce proteins or enzymes. 
E) none of the above

Question 11

If nitrogen is to be excreted from the body,it is converted to which chemical?

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia 
B) arginine 
C) glycine 
D) α-ketoglutarate 
E) urea 
A) ammonia 
B) arginine 
C) glycine 
D) α-ketoglutarate 
E) urea

Question 12

Explain the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids.Identify the amino acids in each category.

Accepted Answer

The terms ketogenic and glucogenic refer

Question 13

When glutamate acts as the source of an amino group,the enzyme involved is a

Accepted Answer

A) transferase. 
B) lipase. 
C) pepsin. 
D) synthetase. 
E) dehydrogenase. 
A) transferase. 
B) lipase. 
C) pepsin. 
D) synthetase. 
E) dehydrogenase.

Question 14

Two key amino acids in the catabolism of nitrogen atoms in amino acids are

Accepted Answer

A) aspartate and phenylalanine. 
B) aspartate and tyrosine. 
C) aspartate and glutamate. 
D) glutamate and asparagine. 
E) alanine and valine. 
A) aspartate and phenylalanine. 
B) aspartate and tyrosine. 
C) aspartate and glutamate. 
D) glutamate and asparagine. 
E) alanine and valine.

Question 15

When α-ketoglutarate accepts an amine group,it is converted to

Accepted Answer

A) glutamate. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl. 
D) transaminase. 
E) urea. 
A) glutamate. 
B) pyruvate. 
C) acetyl. 
D) transaminase. 
E) urea.

Question 16

When the amino acid alanine is deaminated,it is converted to

Accepted Answer

A) glutamate. 
B) acetate. 
C) pyruvate. 
D) oxaloacetate. 
E) urea. 
A) glutamate. 
B) acetate. 
C) pyruvate. 
D) oxaloacetate. 
E) urea.

Question 17

Match the following.
-transamination

Accepted Answer

A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed 
A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed

Question 18

Gout is a disease state that results from the precipitation of compounds containing ________ in joints in the hands and feet.

Accepted Answer

A) urate 
B) urea 
C) glutamate 
D) oxalate 
E) acetate 
A) urate 
B) urea 
C) glutamate 
D) oxalate 
E) acetate

Question 19

The process of oxidative deamination of an amino acid produces which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) CO2 and H2O 
C) NH4+ 
D) aspartate 
E) glutamate 
A) urea 
B) CO2 and H2O 
C) NH4+ 
D) aspartate 
E) glutamate

Question 20

Match the following.
-nonessential amino acid

Accepted Answer

A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed 
A) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate,which ultimately becomes glucose 
B) the transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid 
C) an amino acid whose carbon skeleton can be converted to a citric acid cycle intermediate that later becomes a ketone body or a fatty acid 
D) the collection of all the free amino acids in the body 
E) an amino acid that must be obtained in the diet because humans do not have the appropriate anabolic pathways for its synthesis
F)the biochemical pathway that converts nitrogen and its derivatives to a less toxic form for excretion
G)an amino acid which can be synthesized by the human body as needed

Exam 27: Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Ketogenic amino acids cannot be converted into which of the following?

Match the following. -ketogenic amino acid

Match the following. -urea cycle

Each of the following metabolic intermediates is a precursor to one or more amino acids except

α-ketoglutarate is converted to glutamate by

α-ketoacids are produced as a result of a transamination reaction with ________ acting as the donor molecule.

When the amine group of glutamate is replaced with a carbonyl group,the process is called

The structural formula of glutamate is ________.

The amino acid pool is the collection of

Which statement best summarizes the digestion of proteins?

If nitrogen is to be excreted from the body,it is converted to which chemical?

Explain the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids.Identify the amino acids in each category.

When glutamate acts as the source of an amino group,the enzyme involved is a

Two key amino acids in the catabolism of nitrogen atoms in amino acids are

When α-ketoglutarate accepts an amine group,it is converted to

When the amino acid alanine is deaminated,it is converted to

Match the following. -transamination

Gout is a disease state that results from the precipitation of compounds containing ________ in joints in the hands and feet.

The process of oxidative deamination of an amino acid produces which of the following?

Match the following. -nonessential amino acid

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

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