Question 1

Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

Accepted Answer

A) cis-trans isomers. 
B) structural isomers. 
C) enantiomers. 
D) anomers. 
E) diastereomers. 
A) cis-trans isomers. 
B) structural isomers. 
C) enantiomers. 
D) anomers. 
E) diastereomers.

Question 2

Which molecule shown is an L-isomer?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 3

A sugar present in honey in a 50/50 ratio with glucose is

Accepted Answer

A) fructose. 
B) sucrose. 
C) maltose. 
D) glucose. 
E) mannose. 
A) fructose. 
B) sucrose. 
C) maltose. 
D) glucose. 
E) mannose.

Question 4

Ribose can be classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose. 
A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose.

Question 5

Which of the following carbons in the molecule below is a chiral carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbons 1 and 5 
B) Carbons 3 and 4 
C) Carbons 2,3,and 4 
D) All carbons are chiral. 
A) Carbons 1 and 5 
B) Carbons 3 and 4 
C) Carbons 2,3,and 4 
D) All carbons are chiral.

Question 6

The reaction of a simple sugar with an alcohol produces a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) glycoside 
B) cyclic acetal 
C) mixture of anomers 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) glycoside 
B) cyclic acetal 
C) mixture of anomers 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which polysaccharide has only β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

A) cellulose 
B) glycogen 
C) amylose 
D) amylopectin 
E) starch 
A) cellulose 
B) glycogen 
C) amylose 
D) amylopectin 
E) starch

Question 8

All of the following are functions of modified carbohydrate molecules except

Accepted Answer

A) as chitin they act as a structural component of lobster shells. 
B) as heparin they form a fibrous network in blood clots. 
C) as a component of hemoglobin they transport oxygen. 
D) as a receptor molecule on cell surfaces they assist in the functioning of the immune system. 
E) as a component of cartilage they provide support to joints. 
A) as chitin they act as a structural component of lobster shells. 
B) as heparin they form a fibrous network in blood clots. 
C) as a component of hemoglobin they transport oxygen. 
D) as a receptor molecule on cell surfaces they assist in the functioning of the immune system. 
E) as a component of cartilage they provide support to joints.

Question 9

Match the following.
-lactose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 10

Which of the following polysaccharides is used to inhibit blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) heparin 
C) amylopectin 
D) hyaluronic acid 
A) chitin 
B) heparin 
C) amylopectin 
D) hyaluronic acid

Question 11

The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

Accepted Answer

A) CH2O. 
B) C2(H2O)2. 
C) C6H12O6. 
D) C12H22O11. 
E) C12H24O12. 
A) CH2O. 
B) C2(H2O)2. 
C) C6H12O6. 
D) C12H22O11. 
E) C12H24O12.

Question 12

Two isomeric sugars that are cyclic and only differ in the position of the -OH group attached to the hemiacetal carbon are called

Accepted Answer

A) enantiomers. 
B) mutarotations. 
C) anomers. 
D) epimers. 
E) diastereomers. 
A) enantiomers. 
B) mutarotations. 
C) anomers. 
D) epimers. 
E) diastereomers.

Question 13

The disaccharide that contains a beta-1,4 linkage is

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose. 
B) maltose. 
C) amylose. 
D) lactose. 
A) sucrose. 
B) maltose. 
C) amylose. 
D) lactose.

Question 14

Match the following.
-anomers

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 15

Match the following.
-glucose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 16

Match the following.
-maltose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 17

A glycosidic bond is

Accepted Answer

A) a bond between any two carbohydrate molecules. 
B) a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group. 
C) any bond that can be broken by reaction with water. 
D) a bond between anomeric carbon atoms on two separate monosaccharides. 
E) none of the above 
A) a bond between any two carbohydrate molecules. 
B) a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group. 
C) any bond that can be broken by reaction with water. 
D) a bond between anomeric carbon atoms on two separate monosaccharides. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in sucrose is a(an)________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic 
A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic

Question 19

Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

Accepted Answer

A) their cyclic structures. 
B) the presence of at least one hydroxyl group. 
C) the presence of more than one hydroxyl group. 
D) the presence of a carbonyl group,usually on the #1 carbon atom. 
E) the presence of at least one chiral carbon atom. 
A) their cyclic structures. 
B) the presence of at least one hydroxyl group. 
C) the presence of more than one hydroxyl group. 
D) the presence of a carbonyl group,usually on the #1 carbon atom. 
E) the presence of at least one chiral carbon atom.

Question 20

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in maltose is a(an)________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic 
A) α-1,4 glycosidic 
B) β-1,4 glycosidic 
C) 1,2 anomeric 
D) α-1,6 glycosidic 
E) β-1,6 glycosidic

Exam 21: Carbohydrates

Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as

Which molecule shown is an L-isomer?

A sugar present in honey in a 50/50 ratio with glucose is

Ribose can be classified as a(an)

Which of the following carbons in the molecule below is a chiral carbon?

The reaction of a simple sugar with an alcohol produces a ________.

Which polysaccharide has only β-1,4 glycosidic linkages?

All of the following are functions of modified carbohydrate molecules except

Match the following. -lactose

Which of the following polysaccharides is used to inhibit blood clotting?

The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is

Two isomeric sugars that are cyclic and only differ in the position of the -OH group attached to the hemiacetal carbon are called

The disaccharide that contains a beta-1,4 linkage is

Match the following. -anomers

Match the following. -glucose

Match the following. -maltose

A glycosidic bond is

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in sucrose is a(an)________ linkage.

Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to

The bond connecting the two monosaccharides in maltose is a(an)________ linkage.

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

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