Question 1

Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) glycosidic 
B) glucuronic 
C) imine 
D) ester 
E) ether 
A) glycosidic 
B) glucuronic 
C) imine 
D) ester 
E) ether

Question 2

Which molecule shown is D-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 3

Match the following.
-sucrose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 4

________ of glucose leads to gluconic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Isomerization 
D) Glycosidation 
E) Esterification 
A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Isomerization 
D) Glycosidation 
E) Esterification

Question 5

Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Both serve as energy storage molecules. 
B) Both are polymers of α-D-glucose. 
C) Glycogen molecules are generally larger than amylopectin molecules. 
D) Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin. 
E) none of the above 
A) Both serve as energy storage molecules. 
B) Both are polymers of α-D-glucose. 
C) Glycogen molecules are generally larger than amylopectin molecules. 
D) Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin. 
E) none of the above

Question 6

Fructose is similar to glucose and galactose in all of the following aspects except

Accepted Answer

A) it is a ketose. 
B) it forms a hemiacetal ring. 
C) it can undergo mutarotation from α to β anomers. 
D) its formula is C6H12O6. 
E) none of the above 
A) it is a ketose. 
B) it forms a hemiacetal ring. 
C) it can undergo mutarotation from α to β anomers. 
D) its formula is C6H12O6. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Question 8

Fructose can be classified as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose. 
A) aldoketose. 
B) aldopentose. 
C) aldohexose. 
D) ketopentose. 
E) ketohexose.

Question 9

How many stereoisomers of an aldopentose can exist?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 32

Question 10

Match the following.
-galactose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 11

How many chiral carbons are contained in a molecule of ribose?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 12

The following compound can be described as a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) uronic acid. 
B) an aldonic acid. 
C) a sugar phosphate. 
D) an amino sugar derivative. 
E) a disaccharide. 
A) uronic acid. 
B) an aldonic acid. 
C) a sugar phosphate. 
D) an amino sugar derivative. 
E) a disaccharide.

Question 13

All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

Accepted Answer

A) the number of stereoisomers possible is 2n,where n is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the molecule. 
B) monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms exist in solution in cyclic form. 
C) the two different cyclic forms of a particular monosaccharide are called tautomers. 
D) a molecule is classified as a D or L isomer by the position of the hydroxyl group on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group. 
E) monosaccharides have the general formula Cn(H2O)n,but this only describes the number and kinds of atoms,not their structure. 
A) the number of stereoisomers possible is 2n,where n is the number of chiral carbon atoms in the molecule. 
B) monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms exist in solution in cyclic form. 
C) the two different cyclic forms of a particular monosaccharide are called tautomers. 
D) a molecule is classified as a D or L isomer by the position of the hydroxyl group on the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group. 
E) monosaccharides have the general formula Cn(H2O)n,but this only describes the number and kinds of atoms,not their structure.

Question 14

Which molecule shown is a D-isomer?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 15

Match the following.
-ribose

Accepted Answer

A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages 
A) isomers of cyclic sugars that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at the hemiacetal carbon atom 
B) an aldopentose that is a component of nucleic acids 
C) a monosaccharide that is sweeter than sucrose and found in honey and fruits 
D) a monosaccharide that functions as the transport form of carbohydrates in blood 
E) stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
F)a carbohydrate that yields two monosaccharides upon hydrolysis
G)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose
H)a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
I)a very highly branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units
J)a carbohydrate composed of a large number of monosaccharides chemically combined
K)mirror-image forms of chiral molecules
L)a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose
M)a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose
N)a monosaccharide which is a component of milk sugar
O)a polysaccharide composed of glucose units joined by β-1,4 linkages
P)a component of starch composed of glucose units joined by a-1,4 linkages

Question 16

Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) animals; energy storage 
B) animals; as a structural component 
C) plants; as a structural component 
D) plants; energy storage 
E) none of the above 
A) animals; energy storage 
B) animals; as a structural component 
C) plants; as a structural component 
D) plants; energy storage 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Explain why cows and other grazing animals can eat grass and benefit from its nutritive value,but humans cannot.

Accepted Answer

Humans do not have the enzyme that break

Question 18

Starch is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) animals; energy storage 
B) animals; as a structural component 
C) plants; as a structural component 
D) plants; energy storage 
E) none of the above 
A) animals; energy storage 
B) animals; as a structural component 
C) plants; as a structural component 
D) plants; energy storage 
E) none of the above

Question 19

When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal,the carbon atom that contained the carbonyl group is identified as the ________ carbon atom because

Accepted Answer

A) D; the carbonyl group is drawn to the right. 
B) L; the carbonyl group is drawn to the left. 
C) anomeric; its substituents can assume an α or a β position. 
D) acetal; it forms bonds to an -OR and an -OR'. 
E) enantiomeric; depending on its position,the resulting ring can have a mirror image. 
A) D; the carbonyl group is drawn to the right. 
B) L; the carbonyl group is drawn to the left. 
C) anomeric; its substituents can assume an α or a β position. 
D) acetal; it forms bonds to an -OR and an -OR'. 
E) enantiomeric; depending on its position,the resulting ring can have a mirror image.

Question 20

How many stereoisomers are possible for the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 8 
E) 16

Exam 21: Carbohydrates

Glycoproteins are formed by bonding an oligosaccharide to a protein through a ________ linkage.

Which molecule shown is D-glyceraldehyde?

Match the following. -sucrose

________ of glucose leads to gluconic acid.

Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?

Fructose is similar to glucose and galactose in all of the following aspects except

How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?

Fructose can be classified as a(an)

How many stereoisomers of an aldopentose can exist?

Match the following. -galactose

How many chiral carbons are contained in a molecule of ribose?

The following compound can be described as a(an)

All of the statements concerning monosaccharides are correct except

Which molecule shown is a D-isomer?

Match the following. -ribose

Glycogen is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

Explain why cows and other grazing animals can eat grass and benefit from its nutritive value,but humans cannot.

Starch is produced by ________,and its major function is ________.

When a monosaccharide forms a cyclic hemiacetal,the carbon atom that contained the carbonyl group is identified as the ________ carbon atom because

How many stereoisomers are possible for the following molecule?

Matter and Measurements

Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships

Chemical Reactions: Energy, rates, and Equilibrium

Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acids and Bases

Nuclear Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Some Compounds With Oxygen, sulfur, or a Halogen

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amino Acids and Proteins

Enzymes and Vitamins

The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Genomics

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism

Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs

Body Fluids

Filters

Glycogen is produced by ,and its major function is .

Starch is produced by ,and its major function is .