Question 1

Water containing high concentrations of ________ cations is called hard water.

Accepted Answer

A) Ca2+ 
B) Mg2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) Ca2+ or Mg2+ 
A) Ca2+ 
B) Mg2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) Ca2+ or Mg2+

Question 2

Show how a molecule of C2F2Cl2 can destroy two molecules of ozone, O3.

Accepted Answer

CF₂Cl₂ (g)+ hν → CF₂Cl (g)+ Cl (g) Cl (g)+

Question 3

The approximate pH of acid rain is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The approximate pH of acid rain is...

Question 4

A single individual typically uses the greatest quantity of water for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) flushing toilets 
B) cooking 
C) cleaning (bathing, laundering, and house cleaning) 
D) watering lawns 
E) drinking water 
A) flushing toilets 
B) cooking 
C) cleaning (bathing, laundering, and house cleaning) 
D) watering lawns 
E) drinking water

Question 5

In addition to nitrogen oxides, ________ are a major contributor to the depletion of the ozone layer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to nitrogen oxides, ________ are...

Question 6

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O3 of 0.53 torr and a total pressure of air of 695 torr is ________ ppm.

Accepted Answer

A) 7.6 × 102 
B) 0.76 
C) 0.076 
D) 1.3 × 10-3 
E) 1.3 
A) 7.6 × 102 
B) 0.76 
C) 0.076 
D) 1.3 × 10-3 
E) 1.3

Question 7

A chemical bond rupture resulting from the absorption of a photon is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical bond rupture resulting from the...

Question 8

What is meant by the salinity of seawater?

Accepted Answer

A) percent by mass of salt in seawater 
B) mass in grams of dry salts present in 1 kg of seawater 
C) molality of NaCl in seawater 
D) osmotic pressure of seawater 
E) molarity of NaCl in seawater 
A) percent by mass of salt in seawater 
B) mass in grams of dry salts present in 1 kg of seawater 
C) molality of NaCl in seawater 
D) osmotic pressure of seawater 
E) molarity of NaCl in seawater

Question 9

Nitrogen oxides catalytically destroy ozone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Ozone is a(n)________ of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) isomer 
B) allotrope 
C) isotope 
D) resonance structure 
E) atomic form 
A) isomer 
B) allotrope 
C) isotope 
D) resonance structure 
E) atomic form

Question 11

The concentration of Br- in a sample of seawater is 5.3 × 10-4 M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1.0 kg, the concentration of Br- is ________ ppm.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.042 
B) 42 
C) 0.53 
D) 5.3 
E) 0.0053 
A) 0.042 
B) 42 
C) 0.53 
D) 5.3 
E) 0.0053

Question 12

Ozone depletion from chlorofluorocarbons is chiefly due to the production of free chlorine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Components of Air Mole Fraction Nitrogen 0.781
Oxygen 0.209
Argon 0.010
What is the partial pressure or oxygen (in torr)in the atmosphere when the atmospheric pressure is 755.0 torr?

Accepted Answer

A) 158 
B) 590. 
C) 611 
D) 7.55 
E) 760 
A) 158 
B) 590. 
C) 611 
D) 7.55 
E) 760

Question 14

Which choice is not one of the Ionic Constituents of seawater typically present in concentrations greater than 1 ppm?

Accepted Answer

A) ClO4- 
B) Sr2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) H3Bo3 
E) Cl- 
A) ClO4- 
B) Sr2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) H3Bo3 
E) Cl-

Question 15

The mole fraction of krypton in dry air near sea level is 0.00000114 where the molar mass of krypton is 83.80. The concentration of krypton in the atmosphere is ________ ppm.

Accepted Answer

A) 8.77 × 1011 
B) 1.14 × 10-4 
C) 1140 
D) 1.14 
E) 1.14 × 10-12 
A) 8.77 × 1011 
B) 1.14 × 10-4 
C) 1140 
D) 1.14 
E) 1.14 × 10-12

Question 16

Natural, unpolluted rainwater is typically acidic. What is the source of this natural acidity?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) SO2 
C) NO2 
D) HCl 
E) chlorofluorocarbons 
A) CO2 
B) SO2 
C) NO2 
D) HCl 
E) chlorofluorocarbons

Question 17

The majority of SO2 released annually in the United States results from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) combustion of oil 
B) acid rain 
C) combustion of coal 
D) depletion of ozone by CFCs 
E) all of the above 
A) combustion of oil 
B) acid rain 
C) combustion of coal 
D) depletion of ozone by CFCs 
E) all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is classified as a supercritical fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) xylene 
C) toluene 
D) hydrogen peroxide 
E) none of the above 
A) water 
B) xylene 
C) toluene 
D) hydrogen peroxide 
E) none of the above

Question 19

How does lime reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from the burning of coal?

Accepted Answer

A) It reacts with the sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite solid that can be precipitated. 
B) It reduces the sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur that is harmless to the environment. 
C) It oxidizes the sulfur dioxide to tetrathionate that is highly water soluble so it can be scrubbed from the emission gases. 
D) It catalyzes the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide which is much less volatile and can be removed by condensation. 
E) It converts SO2 to solid, elemental sulfur. 
A) It reacts with the sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite solid that can be precipitated. 
B) It reduces the sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur that is harmless to the environment. 
C) It oxidizes the sulfur dioxide to tetrathionate that is highly water soluble so it can be scrubbed from the emission gases. 
D) It catalyzes the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide which is much less volatile and can be removed by condensation. 
E) It converts SO2 to solid, elemental sulfur.

Question 20

Why are chlorofluorocarbons so damaging to the ozone layer when they are such stable molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain a double bond that ozone readily attacks, resulting in the destruction of the ozone. 
B) They are very light molecules that rapidly diffuse into the upper atmosphere and block the radiation that causes formation of ozone. 
C) They are greenhouse gases that raise the temperature above the dissociation temperature of ozone. 
D) The radiation in the stratosphere dissociates them producing chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone. 
E) CFCs do not damage the ozone. 
A) They contain a double bond that ozone readily attacks, resulting in the destruction of the ozone. 
B) They are very light molecules that rapidly diffuse into the upper atmosphere and block the radiation that causes formation of ozone. 
C) They are greenhouse gases that raise the temperature above the dissociation temperature of ozone. 
D) The radiation in the stratosphere dissociates them producing chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone. 
E) CFCs do not damage the ozone.

Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

Water containing high concentrations of ________ cations is called hard water.

Show how a molecule of C2F2Cl2 can destroy two molecules of ozone, O3.

The approximate pH of acid rain is ________.

A single individual typically uses the greatest quantity of water for ________.

In addition to nitrogen oxides, ________ are a major contributor to the depletion of the ozone layer.

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O3 of 0.53 torr and a total pressure of air of 695 torr is ________ ppm.

A chemical bond rupture resulting from the absorption of a photon is called ________.

What is meant by the salinity of seawater?

Nitrogen oxides catalytically destroy ozone.

Ozone is a(n)________ of oxygen.

The concentration of Br- in a sample of seawater is 5.3 × 10-4 M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1.0 kg, the concentration of Br- is ________ ppm.

Ozone depletion from chlorofluorocarbons is chiefly due to the production of free chlorine.

Components of Air Mole Fraction Nitrogen 0.781 Oxygen 0.209 Argon 0.010 What is the partial pressure or oxygen (in torr)in the atmosphere when the atmospheric pressure is 755.0 torr?

Which choice is not one of the Ionic Constituents of seawater typically present in concentrations greater than 1 ppm?

The mole fraction of krypton in dry air near sea level is 0.00000114 where the molar mass of krypton is 83.80. The concentration of krypton in the atmosphere is ________ ppm.

Natural, unpolluted rainwater is typically acidic. What is the source of this natural acidity?

The majority of SO2 released annually in the United States results from ________.

Which of the following is classified as a supercritical fluid?

How does lime reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from the burning of coal?

Why are chlorofluorocarbons so damaging to the ozone layer when they are such stable molecules?

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Calculations With Chemical Formulas and Equations

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Thermochemistry

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Solids and Modern Materials

Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibria

Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Filters

Show how a molecule of C₂F₂Cl₂ can destroy two molecules of ozone, O₃.

The concentration of ozone in a sample of air that has a partial pressure of O₃ of 0.53 torr and a total pressure of air of 695 torr is ________ ppm.

The concentration of Br^- in a sample of seawater is 5.3 × 10^-4 M. If a liter of seawater has a mass of 1.0 kg, the concentration of Br^- is ________ ppm.

The majority of SO₂ released annually in the United States results from ________.