Question 1

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk?
O + O2 → O3*

Accepted Answer

The asterisk indicates that the ozone formed contains excess energy.

Question 2

Eutrophication of a lake is the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) rapid increase in the amount of dead and decaying plant matter in the lake as a result of excessive plant growth 
B) rapid decline in the lake's pH due to acid rain 
C) dissolved oxygen being depleted by an overpopulation of fish 
D) stocking the lake with fish 
E) restoration of the lake's dissolved oxygen supply by aerobic bacteria 
A) rapid increase in the amount of dead and decaying plant matter in the lake as a result of excessive plant growth 
B) rapid decline in the lake's pH due to acid rain 
C) dissolved oxygen being depleted by an overpopulation of fish 
D) stocking the lake with fish 
E) restoration of the lake's dissolved oxygen supply by aerobic bacteria A

Question 3

CFC stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) chlorinated freon compound 
B) chlorofluorocarbon 
C) carbonated fluorine compound 
D) caustic fluorine carbohydrate 
E) carbofluoro compound 
A) chlorinated freon compound 
B) chlorofluorocarbon 
C) carbonated fluorine compound 
D) caustic fluorine carbohydrate 
E) carbofluoro compound B

Question 4

The layer of the atmosphere that contains our weather is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mesosphere 
B) heterosphere 
C) stratosphere 
D) thermosphere 
E) troposphere 
A) mesosphere 
B) heterosphere 
C) stratosphere 
D) thermosphere 
E) troposphere

Question 5

Of the noble gases, ________ is present in highest concentration in dry air at sea level.

Accepted Answer

A) Ne 
B) He 
C) Xe 
D) Kr 
E) Ar 
A) Ne 
B) He 
C) Xe 
D) Kr 
E) Ar

Question 6

Photoionization processes (e.g., N2 +hν → N2+ + e-)remove UV of <150 nm. Which photoreaction is the principal absorber of UV in the 150-200 nm range in the upper atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) N2 + hν → 2N 
B) O2  + hν → 2O 
C) O3 + hν → O2 + O 
D) N2  + O2 + hν → 2NO 
E) NO + O2 + hν → NO3 
A) N2 + hν → 2N 
B) O2  + hν → 2O 
C) O3 + hν → O2 + O 
D) N2  + O2 + hν → 2NO 
E) NO + O2 + hν → NO3

Question 7

The ionization energy of NO is 890 kJ/mol: NO + hv → NO+ + e-
The maximum wavelength of light capable of causing the ionization of NO is ________ nm.

Accepted Answer

A) 2967 
B) 1.35 × 10-4 
C) 1.35 × 10-7 
D) 134.5 
E) 1.35 × 105 
A) 2967 
B) 1.35 × 10-4 
C) 1.35 × 10-7 
D) 134.5 
E) 1.35 × 105

Question 8

Compounds found in fossil fuels that contain ________ are primarily responsible for acid rain.

Accepted Answer

A) sulfur 
B) carbon 
C) hydrogen 
D) phosphorus 
E) neon 
A) sulfur 
B) carbon 
C) hydrogen 
D) phosphorus 
E) neon

Question 9

What is/are the product(s)of photodissociation of molecular oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) molecular nitrogen 
B) excited oxygen molecules 
C) ozone 
D) ozone and atomic oxygen 
E) atomic oxygen 
A) molecular nitrogen 
B) excited oxygen molecules 
C) ozone 
D) ozone and atomic oxygen 
E) atomic oxygen

Question 10

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are photochemical? 1. O2 (g) + hν → O (g) + O (g)
2. O (g) + O2 (g) + M (g) → O3 (g) + M* (g)
3. O3 (g) + hν → O2 (g) + O (g)
4. O (g) + O (g) + M (g) → O2 (g) + M* (g)

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 
B) 1, 2, and 4 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 1 only 
E) all of them 
A) 2 and 4 
B) 1, 2, and 4 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 1 only 
E) all of them

Question 11

Of the following, only ________ does not result in the formation of acid rain.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) nitrogen dioxide 
C) sulfur dioxide 
D) nitrogen monoxide 
E) methane 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) nitrogen dioxide 
C) sulfur dioxide 
D) nitrogen monoxide 
E) methane

Question 12

Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials occurs when ________.

Accepted Answer

A) there is insufficient oxygen to convert all of the carbon to carbon dioxide 
B) there are sulfur impurities in the carbon-containing material 
C) the carbon-containing material is a gas 
D) the combustion flame is too hot 
E) there is an excess of oxygen 
A) there is insufficient oxygen to convert all of the carbon to carbon dioxide 
B) there are sulfur impurities in the carbon-containing material 
C) the carbon-containing material is a gas 
D) the combustion flame is too hot 
E) there is an excess of oxygen

Question 13

Carbon dioxide contributes to atmospheric warming by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and converting it to heat 
B) absorbing radiation emitted from the surface of the earth preventing its loss to space 
C) undergoing exothermic reactions extensively in the atmosphere 
D) increasing the index of refraction of the atmosphere so that infrared radiation from the sun is refracted to the surface of the earth where it is converted to heat 
E) reducing the concentration of CO in the atmosphere 
A) absorbing incoming radiation from the sun and converting it to heat 
B) absorbing radiation emitted from the surface of the earth preventing its loss to space 
C) undergoing exothermic reactions extensively in the atmosphere 
D) increasing the index of refraction of the atmosphere so that infrared radiation from the sun is refracted to the surface of the earth where it is converted to heat 
E) reducing the concentration of CO in the atmosphere

Question 14

As one gains altitude in the atmosphere, based on the ionization energies shown below, which sequence of mole fractions is the correct one? Process Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)
N2 + hν → N2+ + e- 1495
O2 + hν → O2+ + e- 1205
O + hν → O+ + e- 1313
NO + hν → NO+ + e- 890

Accepted Answer

A) N2 > N > NO > O2 
B) N2 > O > O2 > NO 
C) N2 > O2 > O > NO 
D) NO > O2 > O > N2 
E) All will be equal. 
A) N2 > N > NO > O2 
B) N2 > O > O2 > NO 
C) N2 > O2 > O > NO 
D) NO > O2 > O > N2 
E) All will be equal.

Question 15

The cumulative result of carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone in the troposphere on atmospheric temperatures is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) acid rain 
B) the greenhouse effect 
C) photoionization 
D) photochemical smog 
E) photodissociation 
A) acid rain 
B) the greenhouse effect 
C) photoionization 
D) photochemical smog 
E) photodissociation

Question 16

Why does ozone not form in high concentrations in the atmosphere above 50 km?

Accepted Answer

A) Insufficient oxygen is available. 
B) Insufficient molecules exist for removal of excess energy from ozone upon its formation. 
C) Light of the required wavelength is not available at those altitudes. 
D) Atomic oxygen concentration is too low at high altitudes. 
E) The pressure is too high. 
A) Insufficient oxygen is available. 
B) Insufficient molecules exist for removal of excess energy from ozone upon its formation. 
C) Light of the required wavelength is not available at those altitudes. 
D) Atomic oxygen concentration is too low at high altitudes. 
E) The pressure is too high.

Question 17

The concentration of which greenhouse gas has increased steadily over the last few decades?

Accepted Answer

A) H2O 
B) CO 
C) CO2 
D) H2O2 
E) O2 
A) H2O 
B) CO 
C) CO2 
D) H2O2 
E) O2

Question 18

Which choice is one of the suspected carcinogens by-products from water chlorination called THMs?

Accepted Answer

A) CHClBr2 
B) Cl2 
C) Br2 
D) CH3OCH3 
E) CH4 
A) CHClBr2 
B) Cl2 
C) Br2 
D) CH3OCH3 
E) CH4

Question 19

The principal component of smog is sulfur dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The primary chemical pollutants that create acid rain are ________ dioxide and ________ oxides.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary chemical pollutants that create acid...

Exam 18: Chemistry of the Environment

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O2 → O3*

Eutrophication of a lake is the process of ________.

CFC stands for ________.

The layer of the atmosphere that contains our weather is called the ________.

Of the noble gases, ________ is present in highest concentration in dry air at sea level.

Photoionization processes (e.g., N2 +hν → N2+ + e-)remove UV of <150 nm. Which photoreaction is the principal absorber of UV in the 150-200 nm range in the upper atmosphere?

The ionization energy of NO is 890 kJ/mol: NO + hv → NO+ + e- The maximum wavelength of light capable of causing the ionization of NO is ________ nm.

Compounds found in fossil fuels that contain ________ are primarily responsible for acid rain.

What is/are the product(s)of photodissociation of molecular oxygen?

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are photochemical? 1. O2 (g) + hν → O (g) + O (g) 2. O (g) + O2 (g) + M (g) → O3 (g) + M* (g) 3. O3 (g) + hν → O2 (g) + O (g) 4. O (g) + O (g) + M (g) → O2 (g) + M* (g)

Of the following, only ________ does not result in the formation of acid rain.

Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials occurs when ________.

Carbon dioxide contributes to atmospheric warming by ________.

As one gains altitude in the atmosphere, based on the ionization energies shown below, which sequence of mole fractions is the correct one? Process Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) N2 + hν → N2+ + e- 1495 O2 + hν → O2+ + e- 1205 O + hν → O+ + e- 1313 NO + hν → NO+ + e- 890

The cumulative result of carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone in the troposphere on atmospheric temperatures is referred to as ________.

Why does ozone not form in high concentrations in the atmosphere above 50 km?

The concentration of which greenhouse gas has increased steadily over the last few decades?

Which choice is one of the suspected carcinogens by-products from water chlorination called THMs?

The principal component of smog is sulfur dioxide.

The primary chemical pollutants that create acid rain are ________ dioxide and ________ oxides.

Introduction: Matter and Measurement

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Stoichiometry: Calculations With Chemical Formulas and Equations

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Thermochemistry

Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Gases

Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Solids and Modern Materials

Properties of Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acid-Base Equilibria

Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

Chemical Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Nuclear Chemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry

The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry

Filters

In the equation below, what is the meaning of the asterisk? O + O₂ → O₃*

Photoionization processes (e.g., N₂+hν → N₂⁺ + e^-)remove UV of <150 nm. Which photoreaction is the principal absorber of UV in the 150-200 nm range in the upper atmosphere?

The ionization energy of NO is 890 kJ/mol: NO + hv → NO⁺ + e^- The maximum wavelength of light capable of causing the ionization of NO is ________ nm.

Of the reactions involved in the photodecomposition of ozone (shown below), which are photochemical? 1. O₂ (g) + hν → O (g) + O (g) 2. O (g) + O₂(g) + M (g) → O₃(g) + M^* (g) 3. O₃ (g) + hν → O₂(g) + O (g) 4. O (g) + O (g) + M (g) → O₂(g) + M^* (g)

As one gains altitude in the atmosphere, based on the ionization energies shown below, which sequence of mole fractions is the correct one? Process Ionization Energy (kJ/mol) N₂ + hν → N₂⁺ + e^- 1495 O₂ + hν → O₂⁺ + e^- 1205 O + hν → O⁺ + e^- 1313 NO + hν → NO⁺ + e^- 890

The primary chemical pollutants that create acid rain are dioxide and oxides.