Question 1

How does Alderfer's ERG theory relate to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What are the major differences between the two needs theories?

Accepted Answer

ERG theory recategorizes Maslow's needs

Question 2

Emmy has received a poor grade in a class. When she visits her professor to discuss it, the professor is very polite and kind, but doesn't really explain how Emmy earned her grade. Emmy likely experiences high _____ justice and low _____ justice.

Accepted Answer

A) distributive; procedural 
B) informational; interactional 
C) distributive; informational 
D) interactional; informational 
A) distributive; procedural 
B) informational; interactional 
C) distributive; informational 
D) interactional; informational

Question 3

Recent research has suggested that equity sensitivity affects how people feel about equity in ratios of inputs and outcomes. What are the three classifications of people based on their equity sensitivity, and how do they react to over- or underrewards?

Accepted Answer

Benevolents are fairly toleran

Question 4

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Alderfer's ERG theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Research indicates that the different stages cannot occur simultaneously. 
B) Most research was conducted by Alderfer himself and has mixed support. 
C) More research has been done on Maslow's theory than on Alderfer's theory. 
D) To date, there has not been any empirical research conducted on Alderfer's theory. 
A) Research indicates that the different stages cannot occur simultaneously. 
B) Most research was conducted by Alderfer himself and has mixed support. 
C) More research has been done on Maslow's theory than on Alderfer's theory. 
D) To date, there has not been any empirical research conducted on Alderfer's theory.

Question 5

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of these needs takes precedence over all other needs?

Accepted Answer

A) making friends 
B) gaining respect from colleagues 
C) drinking water to reduce thirst 
D) fulfilling one's purpose in one's life 
A) making friends 
B) gaining respect from colleagues 
C) drinking water to reduce thirst 
D) fulfilling one's purpose in one's life

Question 6

Carlos is an HR manager in a manufacturing plant who wants to motivate his employees. He uses job characteristics theory to guide his efforts. One step Carlos will take is:

Accepted Answer

A) helping employees see how their efforts produce a final product that satisfied customers. 
B) decreasing the autonomy employees have over their work. 
C) giving all employees a raise. 
D) setting difficult, specific goals for his employees. 
A) helping employees see how their efforts produce a final product that satisfied customers. 
B) decreasing the autonomy employees have over their work. 
C) giving all employees a raise. 
D) setting difficult, specific goals for his employees.

Question 7

James is an administrative assistant whose main job is to answer phones and book appointments. However, he is also talented in programming, and modifies his job so that he can also update the company website because he finds that work engaging. James is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A) job modeling. 
B) job crafting. 
C) job flex. 
D) job plasticity. 
A) job modeling. 
B) job crafting. 
C) job flex. 
D) job plasticity.

Question 8

Which scenario is the BEST example of the overjustification effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Regan used to like painting pictures. However, once she started getting paid for painting, she refused to paint unless she was paid to do so. 
B) Warren does not work very hard, so he claims his poor performance because his job is very difficult. 
C) Melinda feels that she is overpaid for her work. As a result, she works much harder and for longer hours than she would if she were paid less. 
D) Julian spends a great deal of time procrastinating so that he has to rush to finish his work. This way, when his work is poor quality, he can blame it on the rushing rather than on his abilities. 
A) Regan used to like painting pictures. However, once she started getting paid for painting, she refused to paint unless she was paid to do so. 
B) Warren does not work very hard, so he claims his poor performance because his job is very difficult. 
C) Melinda feels that she is overpaid for her work. As a result, she works much harder and for longer hours than she would if she were paid less. 
D) Julian spends a great deal of time procrastinating so that he has to rush to finish his work. This way, when his work is poor quality, he can blame it on the rushing rather than on his abilities.

Question 9

Juan, a long-distance runner, perceives his ability to complete a marathon to be quite good. According to Bandura, Juan's perceptions reflect his:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem. 
B) self-acknowledgement. 
C) self-efficacy expectations. 
D) valence. 
A) self-esteem. 
B) self-acknowledgement. 
C) self-efficacy expectations. 
D) valence.

Question 10

One main difference between Maslow's hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A) there is strong empirical support for Maslow's hierarchy but not for Alderfer's ERG theory. 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as the ERG need categories do. 
C) ERG need categories can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as Maslow's hierarchy do. 
D) Alderfer's work was mostly based on clinical observations, whereas Maslow conducted only empirical studies. 
A) there is strong empirical support for Maslow's hierarchy but not for Alderfer's ERG theory. 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as the ERG need categories do. 
C) ERG need categories can operate simultaneously rather than sequentially as Maslow's hierarchy do. 
D) Alderfer's work was mostly based on clinical observations, whereas Maslow conducted only empirical studies.

Question 11

Reyna knows that if she puts in longer hours, her performance on her project will improve. However, she feels her boss dislikes her, so even if she improves her performance, she believes she will not receive a raise (which she would really like). According to expectancy theory, Reyna has high _____ and low _____.

Accepted Answer

A) instrumentality; valence 
B) valence; expectancy 
C) expectancy; instrumentality 
D) expectancy; valence 
A) instrumentality; valence 
B) valence; expectancy 
C) expectancy; instrumentality 
D) expectancy; valence

Question 12

Eliseo, who is taking a biology course, is not particularly interested in learning and developing as a researcher. What he is focused on is earning an A in the course. Eliseo has adopted a:

Accepted Answer

A) learning goal orientation. 
B) efficacy goal orientation. 
C) social cognitive orientation. 
D) performance goal orientation. 
A) learning goal orientation. 
B) efficacy goal orientation. 
C) social cognitive orientation. 
D) performance goal orientation.

Question 13

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) how good an individual feels about himself or herself as a person. 
B) whether an individual feels he or she can successfully accomplish a task. 
C) whether an individual is focused on performance rather than learning. 
D) whether an individual is motivated by extrinsic rewards rather than intrinsic rewards. 
A) how good an individual feels about himself or herself as a person. 
B) whether an individual feels he or she can successfully accomplish a task. 
C) whether an individual is focused on performance rather than learning. 
D) whether an individual is motivated by extrinsic rewards rather than intrinsic rewards.

Question 14

In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence:

Accepted Answer

A) growth need strength. 
B) personal and work outcomes. 
C) critical psychological states. 
D) internal motivation. 
A) growth need strength. 
B) personal and work outcomes. 
C) critical psychological states. 
D) internal motivation.

Question 15

_____ is based on the premise that people's behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives, and that these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, among other things.

Accepted Answer

A) Equity theory 
B) Expectancy theory 
C) Self-determination theory 
D) Cognitive evaluation theory 
A) Equity theory 
B) Expectancy theory 
C) Self-determination theory 
D) Cognitive evaluation theory

Question 16

What are the two major implications of job characteristics theory?

Accepted Answer

Jobs should be designed with t

Question 17

Bandura refers to the attention that individuals devote to feedback processes and to understanding their own performance and effort as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-observation. 
B) self-evaluation. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) self-understanding. 
A) self-observation. 
B) self-evaluation. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) self-understanding.

Question 18

Duke knows that good performance is rewarded with extra vacation time, and Duke really values having that vacation time so he can travel. In expectancy theory, Duke's expectation that he will be satisfied by having time off is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) valence. 
B) expectancy. 
C) instrumentality. 
D) inputs. 
A) valence. 
B) expectancy. 
C) instrumentality. 
D) inputs.

Question 19

With respect to goal-setting theory, which of these statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) People perform best when their goals are specific and difficult. 
B) People perform best when they are able to choose their own goals. 
C) People perform best when they do not feel committed to their goals. 
D) People perform best when they do not receive feedback on their performance. 
A) People perform best when their goals are specific and difficult. 
B) People perform best when they are able to choose their own goals. 
C) People perform best when they do not feel committed to their goals. 
D) People perform best when they do not receive feedback on their performance.

Question 20

Describe the four major postulates of equity theory.

Accepted Answer

People strive to maintain a state of equ

How does Alderfer's ERG theory relate to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What are the major differences between the two needs theories?

Emmy has received a poor grade in a class. When she visits her professor to discuss it, the professor is very polite and kind, but doesn't really explain how Emmy earned her grade. Emmy likely experiences high _ justice and low _ justice.

Recent research has suggested that equity sensitivity affects how people feel about equity in ratios of inputs and outcomes. What are the three classifications of people based on their equity sensitivity, and how do they react to over- or underrewards?

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Alderfer's ERG theory?

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of these needs takes precedence over all other needs?

Carlos is an HR manager in a manufacturing plant who wants to motivate his employees. He uses job characteristics theory to guide his efforts. One step Carlos will take is:

James is an administrative assistant whose main job is to answer phones and book appointments. However, he is also talented in programming, and modifies his job so that he can also update the company website because he finds that work engaging. James is engaging in:

Which scenario is the BEST example of the overjustification effect?

Juan, a long-distance runner, perceives his ability to complete a marathon to be quite good. According to Bandura, Juan's perceptions reflect his:

One main difference between Maslow's hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory is that:

Eliseo, who is taking a biology course, is not particularly interested in learning and developing as a researcher. What he is focused on is earning an A in the course. Eliseo has adopted a:

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to:

In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence:

_____ is based on the premise that people's behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives, and that these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, among other things.

What are the two major implications of job characteristics theory?

Bandura refers to the attention that individuals devote to feedback processes and to understanding their own performance and effort as:

Duke knows that good performance is rewarded with extra vacation time, and Duke really values having that vacation time so he can travel. In expectancy theory, Duke's expectation that he will be satisfied by having time off is known as:

With respect to goal-setting theory, which of these statements is true?

Describe the four major postulates of equity theory.

Io Psychology: Then and Now

Research Methods in Io Psychology

Job Analysis

Criterion Measurement

Performance Appraisal

Predictors

Selection Decisions and Personnel Law

Training and Development

Job Attitudes: Antecedents and Consequences

Stress and Worker Well-Being

Group Processes and Work Teams

Leadership

Organizational Theory and Development

Filters

Exam 9: Motivation

How does Alderfer's ERG theory relate to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What are the major differences between the two needs theories?

Emmy has received a poor grade in a class. When she visits her professor to discuss it, the professor is very polite and kind, but doesn't really explain how Emmy earned her grade. Emmy likely experiences high _____ justice and low _____ justice.

Recent research has suggested that equity sensitivity affects how people feel about equity in ratios of inputs and outcomes. What are the three classifications of people based on their equity sensitivity, and how do they react to over- or underrewards?

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical support for Alderfer's ERG theory?

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of these needs takes precedence over all other needs?

Carlos is an HR manager in a manufacturing plant who wants to motivate his employees. He uses job characteristics theory to guide his efforts. One step Carlos will take is:

James is an administrative assistant whose main job is to answer phones and book appointments. However, he is also talented in programming, and modifies his job so that he can also update the company website because he finds that work engaging. James is engaging in:

Which scenario is the BEST example of the overjustification effect?

Juan, a long-distance runner, perceives his ability to complete a marathon to be quite good. According to Bandura, Juan's perceptions reflect his:

One main difference between Maslow's hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory is that:

Eliseo, who is taking a biology course, is not particularly interested in learning and developing as a researcher. What he is focused on is earning an A in the course. Eliseo has adopted a:

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to:

In job characteristics theory, core job dimensions directly influence:

_____ is based on the premise that people's behaviors result from conscious choices among alternatives, and that these alternatives are evaluated with respect to valence, among other things.

What are the two major implications of job characteristics theory?

Bandura refers to the attention that individuals devote to feedback processes and to understanding their own performance and effort as:

Duke knows that good performance is rewarded with extra vacation time, and Duke really values having that vacation time so he can travel. In expectancy theory, Duke's expectation that he will be satisfied by having time off is known as:

With respect to goal-setting theory, which of these statements is true?

Describe the four major postulates of equity theory.

Io Psychology: Then and Now

Research Methods in Io Psychology

Job Analysis

Criterion Measurement

Performance Appraisal

Predictors

Selection Decisions and Personnel Law

Training and Development

Job Attitudes: Antecedents and Consequences

Stress and Worker Well-Being

Group Processes and Work Teams

Leadership

Organizational Theory and Development

Filters

Emmy has received a poor grade in a class. When she visits her professor to discuss it, the professor is very polite and kind, but doesn't really explain how Emmy earned her grade. Emmy likely experiences high _ justice and low _ justice.