Question 1

_____ theories emphasize the cognitive, behavioral, individual, and environmental factors that work together in determining motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) Self-determination 
B) Job characteristics 
C) Social cognitive 
D) Cognitive evaluation 
A) Self-determination 
B) Job characteristics 
C) Social cognitive 
D) Cognitive evaluation

Question 2

Ludwig and Geller (1997, 2000) conducted a study examining goal setting and safety behaviors of pizza delivery drivers. Which statement BEST describes their findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The drivers exhibited safer behaviors only if they helped to set their own goal. 
B) The drivers exhibited safer behaviors only if they were assigned a goal. 
C) Drivers who were either assigned a goal or set one themselves were safer than drivers who did not set goals. 
D) All drivers immediately improved their safety behaviors at the beginning of training, but they immediately stopped engaging in safety behaviors when they believed the researchers weren't observing them. 
A) The drivers exhibited safer behaviors only if they helped to set their own goal. 
B) The drivers exhibited safer behaviors only if they were assigned a goal. 
C) Drivers who were either assigned a goal or set one themselves were safer than drivers who did not set goals. 
D) All drivers immediately improved their safety behaviors at the beginning of training, but they immediately stopped engaging in safety behaviors when they believed the researchers weren't observing them.

Question 3

Tanya is studying for a statistics exam. She is more concerned with thoroughly understanding statistical concepts than about the grade that she will receive in the course. Tanya has adopted a:

Accepted Answer

A) learning goal orientation. 
B) self-efficacy expectation. 
C) motivational goal orientation. 
D) performance goal orientation. 
A) learning goal orientation. 
B) self-efficacy expectation. 
C) motivational goal orientation. 
D) performance goal orientation.

Question 4

Maslow's esteem and self-actualization needs correspond to Alderfer's _____ needs.

Accepted Answer

A) existence 
B) rational 
C) growth 
D) relatedness 
A) existence 
B) rational 
C) growth 
D) relatedness

Question 5

What are the two major components of Hertzberg's two-factor theory? What might be an example of each component? How do they affect job satisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Hygiene factors, which, if absent, lead

Question 6

Interactional justice can be divided into two subtypes: interpersonal justice and:

Accepted Answer

A) intellectual justice. 
B) informational justice 
C) individual justice. 
D) collective justice. 
A) intellectual justice. 
B) informational justice 
C) individual justice. 
D) collective justice.

Question 7

In their self-determination theory, Ryan and Deci (2000) suggested that to foster high levels of well-being and motivation, people's needs for competence, _____, and autonomy need to be met.

Accepted Answer

A) hygiene 
B) relatedness 
C) valence 
D) expectancy 
A) hygiene 
B) relatedness 
C) valence 
D) expectancy

Question 8

Equity theory and expectancy theory are categorized as _____ theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive choice 
B) self-regulation 
C) need-motive-value 
D) hygiene 
A) cognitive choice 
B) self-regulation 
C) need-motive-value 
D) hygiene

Question 9

The study of human attributes, including well-being, optimism, creativity, and spirituality, is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) industrial psychology. 
B) positive psychology. 
C) holistic psychology. 
D) organizational behavior management. 
A) industrial psychology. 
B) positive psychology. 
C) holistic psychology. 
D) organizational behavior management.

Question 10

According to self-determination theory, in order to be motivated, employees need to feel as though they are successful in their work. This feeling is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem 
B) competence 
C) autonomy 
D) expectancy 
A) self-esteem 
B) competence 
C) autonomy 
D) expectancy

Question 11

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on equity theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Research clearly demonstrates that if people feel underrewarded, they will increase their efforts. 
B) Empirical support is mixed; people are more likely to attempt to change their ratios if they are underrewarded than if they are overrewarded. 
C) Empirical support is mixed; people are more likely to attempt to change their ratios if they are overrewarded than if they are underrewarded. 
D) Because the premises are difficult to test, very little research has been done on equity theory. 
A) Research clearly demonstrates that if people feel underrewarded, they will increase their efforts. 
B) Empirical support is mixed; people are more likely to attempt to change their ratios if they are underrewarded than if they are overrewarded. 
C) Empirical support is mixed; people are more likely to attempt to change their ratios if they are overrewarded than if they are underrewarded. 
D) Because the premises are difficult to test, very little research has been done on equity theory.

Question 12

Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) self-evaluation theory 
B) self-regulation theory 
C) self-determination theory 
D) expectancy theory 
A) self-evaluation theory 
B) self-regulation theory 
C) self-determination theory 
D) expectancy theory

Question 13

Yang has given up trying to achieve an A in her psychology course because she believes that it is now impossible to earn that grade. According to control theory, Yang's belief represents:

Accepted Answer

A) disengagement. 
B) performance goal orientation. 
C) equity sensitivity. 
D) benevolence. 
A) disengagement. 
B) performance goal orientation. 
C) equity sensitivity. 
D) benevolence.

Question 14

Organizational justice involves three types of justice: distributive justice, procedural justice, and:

Accepted Answer

A) attributional justice. 
B) relational justice. 
C) interactional justice. 
D) ideal justice. 
A) attributional justice. 
B) relational justice. 
C) interactional justice. 
D) ideal justice.

Question 15

According to self-determination theory, employees need to feel a sense of belonging and connectedness to other individuals or groups. This sense is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) esteem. 
B) relatedness. 
C) autonomy. 
D) expectancy. 
A) esteem. 
B) relatedness. 
C) autonomy. 
D) expectancy.

Question 16

Which of these is a component of work motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) directing effort 
B) limiting effort 
C) controlling effort 
D) decreasing effort 
A) directing effort 
B) limiting effort 
C) controlling effort 
D) decreasing effort

Question 17

Monica knows that if she performs well on her next project, she will receive a pay raise. Unfortunately, Monica is not interested in a pay raise; she would rather have more vacation time to spend with her family. According to expectancy theory, Monica has a low level of:

Accepted Answer

A) expectancy. 
B) instrumentality. 
C) equity sensitivity. 
D) valence. 
A) expectancy. 
B) instrumentality. 
C) equity sensitivity. 
D) valence.

Question 18

People's perceptions and beliefs about the fairness of their treatment at work affect their motivation, attitudes, and behaviors; this is the underlying idea behind the:

Accepted Answer

A) ERG theory. 
B) equity theory. 
C) expectancy theory. 
D) social cognitive theory. 
A) ERG theory. 
B) equity theory. 
C) expectancy theory. 
D) social cognitive theory.

Question 19

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on the job characteristics model?

Accepted Answer

A) The theory is difficult to test, and therefore very few studies have been conducted. 
B) A recent meta-analysis suggests that the job characteristics model actually works in the opposite way from that theorized by Hackman and Oldham. 
C) A recent meta-analysis suggests that job characteristics have important influences on motivation, performance, and satisfaction. 
D) A recent review by the APA found that instituting suggestions from the job characteristics model would be highly unethical. 
A) The theory is difficult to test, and therefore very few studies have been conducted. 
B) A recent meta-analysis suggests that the job characteristics model actually works in the opposite way from that theorized by Hackman and Oldham. 
C) A recent meta-analysis suggests that job characteristics have important influences on motivation, performance, and satisfaction. 
D) A recent review by the APA found that instituting suggestions from the job characteristics model would be highly unethical.

Question 20

According to the two-factor theory, which of these is an example of a hygienes factor?

Accepted Answer

A) recognition 
B) interesting work 
C) advancement opportunities 
D) working conditions 
A) recognition 
B) interesting work 
C) advancement opportunities 
D) working conditions

_____ theories emphasize the cognitive, behavioral, individual, and environmental factors that work together in determining motivation.

Ludwig and Geller (1997, 2000) conducted a study examining goal setting and safety behaviors of pizza delivery drivers. Which statement BEST describes their findings?

Tanya is studying for a statistics exam. She is more concerned with thoroughly understanding statistical concepts than about the grade that she will receive in the course. Tanya has adopted a:

Maslow's esteem and self-actualization needs correspond to Alderfer's _____ needs.

What are the two major components of Hertzberg's two-factor theory? What might be an example of each component? How do they affect job satisfaction?

Interactional justice can be divided into two subtypes: interpersonal justice and:

In their self-determination theory, Ryan and Deci (2000) suggested that to foster high levels of well-being and motivation, people's needs for competence, _____, and autonomy need to be met.

Equity theory and expectancy theory are categorized as _____ theories of motivation.

The study of human attributes, including well-being, optimism, creativity, and spirituality, is known as:

According to self-determination theory, in order to be motivated, employees need to feel as though they are successful in their work. This feeling is known as:

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on equity theory?

Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation?

Yang has given up trying to achieve an A in her psychology course because she believes that it is now impossible to earn that grade. According to control theory, Yang's belief represents:

Organizational justice involves three types of justice: distributive justice, procedural justice, and:

According to self-determination theory, employees need to feel a sense of belonging and connectedness to other individuals or groups. This sense is known as:

Which of these is a component of work motivation?

Monica knows that if she performs well on her next project, she will receive a pay raise. Unfortunately, Monica is not interested in a pay raise; she would rather have more vacation time to spend with her family. According to expectancy theory, Monica has a low level of:

People's perceptions and beliefs about the fairness of their treatment at work affect their motivation, attitudes, and behaviors; this is the underlying idea behind the:

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on the job characteristics model?

According to the two-factor theory, which of these is an example of a hygienes factor?

Io Psychology: Then and Now

Research Methods in Io Psychology

Job Analysis

Criterion Measurement

Performance Appraisal

Predictors

Selection Decisions and Personnel Law

Training and Development

Job Attitudes: Antecedents and Consequences

Stress and Worker Well-Being

Group Processes and Work Teams

Leadership

Organizational Theory and Development

Filters

Exam 9: Motivation

_____ theories emphasize the cognitive, behavioral, individual, and environmental factors that work together in determining motivation.

Ludwig and Geller (1997, 2000) conducted a study examining goal setting and safety behaviors of pizza delivery drivers. Which statement BEST describes their findings?

Tanya is studying for a statistics exam. She is more concerned with thoroughly understanding statistical concepts than about the grade that she will receive in the course. Tanya has adopted a:

Maslow's esteem and self-actualization needs correspond to Alderfer's _____ needs.

What are the two major components of Hertzberg's two-factor theory? What might be an example of each component? How do they affect job satisfaction?

Interactional justice can be divided into two subtypes: interpersonal justice and:

In their self-determination theory, Ryan and Deci (2000) suggested that to foster high levels of well-being and motivation, people's needs for competence, _____, and autonomy need to be met.

Equity theory and expectancy theory are categorized as _____ theories of motivation.

The study of human attributes, including well-being, optimism, creativity, and spirituality, is known as:

According to self-determination theory, in order to be motivated, employees need to feel as though they are successful in their work. This feeling is known as:

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on equity theory?

Which motivational theory suggests that social-contextual events that enhance perceptions of competence improve intrinsic motivation?

Yang has given up trying to achieve an A in her psychology course because she believes that it is now impossible to earn that grade. According to control theory, Yang's belief represents:

Organizational justice involves three types of justice: distributive justice, procedural justice, and:

According to self-determination theory, employees need to feel a sense of belonging and connectedness to other individuals or groups. This sense is known as:

Which of these is a component of work motivation?

Monica knows that if she performs well on her next project, she will receive a pay raise. Unfortunately, Monica is not interested in a pay raise; she would rather have more vacation time to spend with her family. According to expectancy theory, Monica has a low level of:

People's perceptions and beliefs about the fairness of their treatment at work affect their motivation, attitudes, and behaviors; this is the underlying idea behind the:

Which statement BEST summarizes the empirical research on the job characteristics model?

According to the two-factor theory, which of these is an example of a hygienes factor?

Io Psychology: Then and Now

Research Methods in Io Psychology

Job Analysis

Criterion Measurement

Performance Appraisal

Predictors

Selection Decisions and Personnel Law

Training and Development

Job Attitudes: Antecedents and Consequences

Stress and Worker Well-Being

Group Processes and Work Teams

Leadership

Organizational Theory and Development

Filters