Exam 9: Motivation

Specific, difficult goals may be detrimental for ________.

The perception of workers of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs is the focus of ________ theory.

According to equity theory, when an employee perceives that his or her own outcome-input ratio is greater than that of a referent, underpayment inequity has occurred.

Discuss the differences in impact on motivation of a bonus versus a salary increase of the same amount of money.

Explain how an employee can be intrinsically motivated, extrinsically motivated, or both, depending on the factors in his or her job situation. Give one example of an employee who exhibits each of these three possible work situations.

The term ________ refers to the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organization, a person's level of effort, and a person's level of persistence.

The degree to which an employee keeps trying, when faced with obstacles, to accomplish a goal is referred to as ________.

A strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence is called the need for ________.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following is the highest level of needs of workers?

Professor David offers his students $10 if they can run around the classroom building in two minutes. Michael, his student, believes that even if he does this, Professor David would not really give him the money. Michael's lack of motivation can be explained by ________.

Explain equity theory. What does equity theory suggest people do when they feel they are not being treated fairly? Give an example of a situation from your own experience where a person felt he/she was being treated inequitably and explain it using equity theory.

According to Maslow's motivation theory, the lowest level of unmet needs in the needs hierarchy is the prime motivator of a worker's behavior.

An employee's perception about the extent to which his or her effort will result in a given level of performance is called expectancy.

According to expectancy theory, when people perceive that high performance leads to the receipt of certain outcomes, the concept of ________ is high.

An employee's perception of the extent to which performance at a given level will result in outcomes the employee desires is known as ________.

Explain what is meant by a "merit pay plan" and discuss the use of piece-rate pay, commission pay, the Scanlon plan, and a profit sharing plan.

Learning theory focuses on the linkage between performance and outcomes in the motivation equation.

Dan, a car salesperson, chose his profession because of the attractive sales commission he would receive on each car sale. This is an example of ________.

In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as ________ needs.

Behavior that is performed by an employee to acquire a material reward, to acquire a social reward, or to avoid punishment is referred to as ________ behavior.