Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin D 
B) Adrenocortical hormones 
C) Sex hormones 
D) Cholesterol 
E) All of the choices are steroids 
A) Vitamin D 
B) Adrenocortical hormones 
C) Sex hormones 
D) Cholesterol 
E) All of the choices are steroids

Question 2

Scientists once assumed that the earliest protocells would have been autotrophs.This concept appears to be

Accepted Answer

A) correct,since heterotrophs would depend upon eating autotrophs. 
B) correct,since glycolysis and fermentation only occur after oxygen is present from photosynthesis. 
C) incorrect,since the primordial soup likely contained many preformed food molecules suitable for heterotrophic metabolism. 
D) incorrect,since glycolysis and fermentation require complex enzymes for catalytic reactions. 
A) correct,since heterotrophs would depend upon eating autotrophs. 
B) correct,since glycolysis and fermentation only occur after oxygen is present from photosynthesis. 
C) incorrect,since the primordial soup likely contained many preformed food molecules suitable for heterotrophic metabolism. 
D) incorrect,since glycolysis and fermentation require complex enzymes for catalytic reactions.

Question 3

The term "reducing atmosphere" for the early earth means that the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) was much thinner around the surface of the earth than now. 
B) contained only two or three kinds of gases. 
C) contained little or no free oxygen. 
D) contained little or no free nitrogen. 
A) was much thinner around the surface of the earth than now. 
B) contained only two or three kinds of gases. 
C) contained little or no free oxygen. 
D) contained little or no free nitrogen.

Question 4

Why can't we set up an experiment that would again duplicate the conditions that were present at the early origin of protocells?

Accepted Answer

Setting up an experiment to duplicate th

Question 5

The fact that nucleic acids are very complicated molecules suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B) the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C) no natural system could ever generate them. 
D) None of the choices is correct. 
A) the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B) the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C) no natural system could ever generate them. 
D) None of the choices is correct.

Question 6

Prions are infectious

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates. 
B) proteins. 
C) lipids. 
D) Prions are not actually infectious. 
A) carbohydrates. 
B) proteins. 
C) lipids. 
D) Prions are not actually infectious.

Question 7

Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA in the ____________ region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA...

Question 8

The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds that contain carbon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds...

Question 9

Does the recognition of prokaryotes as two major lineages,Archaebacteria and Eubacteria,result in any major changes to the internal taxonomic arrangement of the fungi,protozoan,plant,or animal groups?

Accepted Answer

The recognition of prokaryotes as two ma

Question 10

Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the

Question 11

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

Accepted Answer

A) life could not have evolved from non-living chemistry on the early earth. 
B) mice came from mother mice and maggots from mother flies. 
C) simple chemicals could become complex organic macromolecules without any living cell involved. 
D) broth did not ferment spontaneously but required contamination with organisms. 
A) life could not have evolved from non-living chemistry on the early earth. 
B) mice came from mother mice and maggots from mother flies. 
C) simple chemicals could become complex organic macromolecules without any living cell involved. 
D) broth did not ferment spontaneously but required contamination with organisms.

Question 12

The molecule ___________ is an important form for storing sugar in animals and is found mainly in the liver and muscle cells of animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The molecule ___________ is an important form...

Question 13

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably ____________ _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest source of reduced compounds for...

Question 14

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,what would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Accepted Answer

A) An enzyme or reaction capable of removing one oxygen from ribose in nucleotides 
B) Enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C) New enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D) New enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E) All are necessary to switch to a "DNA world." 
A) An enzyme or reaction capable of removing one oxygen from ribose in nucleotides 
B) Enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C) New enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D) New enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E) All are necessary to switch to a "DNA world."

Question 15

What may have been the "reason" for the "Cambrian explosion"?

Accepted Answer

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to a rel

Question 16

The ancestral protocells

Accepted Answer

A) may have contained RNA or DNA as their genetic material. 
B) may have evolved before the development of a true cell. 
C) may have had a lipid and protein membrane surrounding them,forming a proteinoid microsphere. 
D) may have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) may have contained RNA or DNA as their genetic material. 
B) may have evolved before the development of a true cell. 
C) may have had a lipid and protein membrane surrounding them,forming a proteinoid microsphere. 
D) may have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Accepted Answer

A) a concept to explain the formation of the first living cells on earth. 
B) a concept to explain the evolution of simple chemicals into complex macromolecules. 
C) an explanation for the appearance of maggots and mice from rotting material,fish from leaves that fall into water,etc. 
D) an explanation by Pasteur accounting for the germination of spores in broth. 
A) a concept to explain the formation of the first living cells on earth. 
B) a concept to explain the evolution of simple chemicals into complex macromolecules. 
C) an explanation for the appearance of maggots and mice from rotting material,fish from leaves that fall into water,etc. 
D) an explanation by Pasteur accounting for the germination of spores in broth.

Question 18

The alpha helix is found at which level of protein organization?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary structure 
B) Secondary structure 
C) Tertiary structure 
D) Quaternary structure 
A) Primary structure 
B) Secondary structure 
C) Tertiary structure 
D) Quaternary structure

Question 19

Which of these statements is true about DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the genetic material of the cell 
B) It forms a protein 
C) It is pure amino acid 
D) It contains no sugar 
A) It is the genetic material of the cell 
B) It forms a protein 
C) It is pure amino acid 
D) It contains no sugar

Exam 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Scientists once assumed that the earliest protocells would have been autotrophs.This concept appears to be

The term "reducing atmosphere" for the early earth means that the atmosphere

Why can't we set up an experiment that would again duplicate the conditions that were present at the early origin of protocells?

The fact that nucleic acids are very complicated molecules suggests that

Prions are infectious

Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA in the ____________ region.

The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds that contain carbon.

Does the recognition of prokaryotes as two major lineages,Archaebacteria and Eubacteria,result in any major changes to the internal taxonomic arrangement of the fungi,protozoan,plant,or animal groups?

Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures.

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

The molecule ___________ is an important form for storing sugar in animals and is found mainly in the liver and muscle cells of animals.

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably ____________ _____________.

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,what would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

What may have been the "reason" for the "Cambrian explosion"?

The ancestral protocells

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

The alpha helix is found at which level of protein organization?

Which of these statements is true about DNA?

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably _.