Question 1

The ______ of the amphibian hindbrain is concerned with equilibrium and movement coordination.

Accepted Answer

cerebellum

Question 2

Which is true regarding the oxygen content of air?

Accepted Answer

A) It is less than the oxygen dissolved in an equal volume of water. 
B) It is equal to the oxygen content of an equal volume of water at the same pressure. 
C) It is 20 times greater than in an equal volume of water. 
D) It is irrelevant to the animal lung since it must still diffuse across the wet surface of membranes. 
E) It is approximately 1000 times greater than in an equal volume of water. 
A) It is less than the oxygen dissolved in an equal volume of water. 
B) It is equal to the oxygen content of an equal volume of water at the same pressure. 
C) It is 20 times greater than in an equal volume of water. 
D) It is irrelevant to the animal lung since it must still diffuse across the wet surface of membranes. 
E) It is approximately 1000 times greater than in an equal volume of water. C

Question 3

Some salamanders retain larval features (e.g. ,gills)throughout life,a condition called __________.

Accepted Answer

paedomorphosis

Question 4

Which is true regarding frog skin?

Accepted Answer

A) The dermis contains chromatophores,which provide skin color. 
B) The dermis contains large serous glands derived from the inner epidermis that produce a skin poison. 
C) The epidermis contains keratin. 
D) The epidermis has mucous glands that secrete mucus to waterproof the skin. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) The dermis contains chromatophores,which provide skin color. 
B) The dermis contains large serous glands derived from the inner epidermis that produce a skin poison. 
C) The epidermis contains keratin. 
D) The epidermis has mucous glands that secrete mucus to waterproof the skin. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 5

It grows legs and loses a tail.It changes from an herbivore with a long digestive tract to a carnivore with a shorter one.It loses its gills and lateral line system and uses its skin,mouth,and lungs for gas exchange.What is it?

Accepted Answer

A) Lancelet 
B) Sea squirt larva 
C) Lung-fish 
D) Tadpole 
E) Primitive reptile 
A) Lancelet 
B) Sea squirt larva 
C) Lung-fish 
D) Tadpole 
E) Primitive reptile

Question 6

Discuss the contributions of Ichthyostega,Eustenopteron,Acanthostega,and Limnoscelis in the evolution of tetrapods.

Accepted Answer

Ichthyostega, Eustenopteron, Acanthosteg

Question 7

What is the process called in which the male frog grasps a female,in order to be present for external fertilization,called?

Accepted Answer

A) Amplexus 
B) Neoteny 
C) Coitus 
D) Copulation 
E) Paedomorphosis 
A) Amplexus 
B) Neoteny 
C) Coitus 
D) Copulation 
E) Paedomorphosis

Question 8

The urostyle of the frog skeleton represents

Accepted Answer

A) a backward extension of the cranium. 
B) several fused caudal vertebrae. 
C) a relocation and fusion of the "missing" ribs. 
D) a newly evolved feature of anurans. 
E) an enigmatic structure of unknown origin. 
A) a backward extension of the cranium. 
B) several fused caudal vertebrae. 
C) a relocation and fusion of the "missing" ribs. 
D) a newly evolved feature of anurans. 
E) an enigmatic structure of unknown origin.

Question 9

Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skin after they lose their gills.You would expect lungless salamanders to

Accepted Answer

A) prefer drier habitats. 
B) be restricted to a smaller or thinner body design. 
C) be larger than most salamanders. 
D) prefer stagnant water. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) prefer drier habitats. 
B) be restricted to a smaller or thinner body design. 
C) be larger than most salamanders. 
D) prefer stagnant water. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 10

The term "tetrapods"

Accepted Answer

A) refers to the organisms that form the superclass Tetrapoda. 
B) includes the amphibians and amniotes. 
C) does not include the fish. 
D) includes humans. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) refers to the organisms that form the superclass Tetrapoda. 
B) includes the amphibians and amniotes. 
C) does not include the fish. 
D) includes humans. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a correct association of amphibian pigment cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Xanthophores-orange,yellow,and red pigment 
B) Chromatophores-on the top of the epidermis 
C) Melanophores-brown or black pigment 
D) Iridophores-silvery light-reflecting pigment 
E) All of the choices are correct associations 
A) Xanthophores-orange,yellow,and red pigment 
B) Chromatophores-on the top of the epidermis 
C) Melanophores-brown or black pigment 
D) Iridophores-silvery light-reflecting pigment 
E) All of the choices are correct associations

Question 12

Frog singing

Accepted Answer

A) is more common in males than females. 
B) is produced by passing air back and forth between the lungs and vocal pouches. 
C) uses the large vocal sacs as resonators. 
D) involves vocal cords in a larynx. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is more common in males than females. 
B) is produced by passing air back and forth between the lungs and vocal pouches. 
C) uses the large vocal sacs as resonators. 
D) involves vocal cords in a larynx. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

What is the significance of paedomorphosis in the evolution of tetrapods?

Accepted Answer

Paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenil

Question 14

What was the 350 million-year-old fossil called Ichthyostega?

Accepted Answer

A) A lobe-finned fish that represents the likely ancestor to the amphibians 
B) One of the earliest known tetrapods 
C) A lizard-like stem reptile 
D) A ray-finned fish that gave rise to the amphibians 
E) The first fish-to-amphibian transitional form to have lost fin rays and gill bones,thus committing itself to a land existence 
A) A lobe-finned fish that represents the likely ancestor to the amphibians 
B) One of the earliest known tetrapods 
C) A lizard-like stem reptile 
D) A ray-finned fish that gave rise to the amphibians 
E) The first fish-to-amphibian transitional form to have lost fin rays and gill bones,thus committing itself to a land existence

Question 15

Caecilians

Accepted Answer

A) live in the tropics around the world. 
B) are blind or nearly blind as adults. 
C) are elongate,burrowing animals. 
D) use copulation for internal fertilization. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) live in the tropics around the world. 
B) are blind or nearly blind as adults. 
C) are elongate,burrowing animals. 
D) use copulation for internal fertilization. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Consider the case of some large salamanders that live a long time,produce fewer young,and do not metamorphose into adults without gills,but maintain the juvenile body form as reproductive adults (e.g. ,hellbender,mudpuppy,sirens).In contrast,"normal" salamanders undergo metamorphosis rather rapidly and have short lives and many young.In what habitat would you expect the large salamanders that retain the juvenile body form to live?

Accepted Answer

A) In permanent ponds or streams providing a stable environment 
B) In slow-moving streams and rivers with stagnant water 
C) In temporary ponds with an unstable environment 
D) As salamanders,both types would have exactly the same habitat and evolutionary pressures 
E) None of the choices is correct 
A) In permanent ponds or streams providing a stable environment 
B) In slow-moving streams and rivers with stagnant water 
C) In temporary ponds with an unstable environment 
D) As salamanders,both types would have exactly the same habitat and evolutionary pressures 
E) None of the choices is correct

Question 17

All of the following are characteristics of modern amphibians except one.Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Ten pairs of cranial nerves 
B) Separate sexes 
C) Smooth moist skin 
D) Endothermic 
E) Bony skeleton 
A) Ten pairs of cranial nerves 
B) Separate sexes 
C) Smooth moist skin 
D) Endothermic 
E) Bony skeleton

Question 18

Temnospondyls are a group that generally have only four digits on the forelimb.Which one of the following is a lineage that includes all modern members of the Temnospondyl ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A) Anthracosauria 
B) Gymnophiona 
C) Anura 
D) Lissamphibia 
E) Urodela 
A) Anthracosauria 
B) Gymnophiona 
C) Anura 
D) Lissamphibia 
E) Urodela

Question 19

Frogs and toads belong to the order _________,a name that means "without a tail."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Frogs and toads belong to the order...

Question 20

Compare and contrast the sensory systems of bony fish with those of adult anurans.

Accepted Answer

Bony fish and adult anurans (frogs and t

Exam 25: Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

The ______ of the amphibian hindbrain is concerned with equilibrium and movement coordination.

Which is true regarding the oxygen content of air?

Some salamanders retain larval features (e.g. ,gills)throughout life,a condition called __________.

Which is true regarding frog skin?

It grows legs and loses a tail.It changes from an herbivore with a long digestive tract to a carnivore with a shorter one.It loses its gills and lateral line system and uses its skin,mouth,and lungs for gas exchange.What is it?

Discuss the contributions of Ichthyostega,Eustenopteron,Acanthostega,and Limnoscelis in the evolution of tetrapods.

What is the process called in which the male frog grasps a female,in order to be present for external fertilization,called?

The urostyle of the frog skeleton represents

Lungless salamanders lack lungs and breathe through their skin after they lose their gills.You would expect lungless salamanders to

The term "tetrapods"

Which of the following is NOT a correct association of amphibian pigment cells?

Frog singing

What is the significance of paedomorphosis in the evolution of tetrapods?

What was the 350 million-year-old fossil called Ichthyostega?

Caecilians

All of the following are characteristics of modern amphibians except one.Select the exception.

Temnospondyls are a group that generally have only four digits on the forelimb.Which one of the following is a lineage that includes all modern members of the Temnospondyl ancestors?

Frogs and toads belong to the order _________,a name that means "without a tail."

Compare and contrast the sensory systems of bony fish with those of adult anurans.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters