Question 1

Which describes viviparity in living reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A) It has evolved at least 100 times. 
B) It increases the length of time the eggs are kept in the oviduct. 
C) It is usually associated with cold climates. 
D) It is only found in squamates. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) It has evolved at least 100 times. 
B) It increases the length of time the eggs are kept in the oviduct. 
C) It is usually associated with cold climates. 
D) It is only found in squamates. 
E) All of these choices are correct. E

Question 2

The tuatara

Accepted Answer

A) is found in southwestern United States. 
B) is snakelike in its features. 
C) is the only surviving dinosaur relative. 
D) has a well-developed parietal eye. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is found in southwestern United States. 
B) is snakelike in its features. 
C) is the only surviving dinosaur relative. 
D) has a well-developed parietal eye. 
E) All of the choices are correct. D

Question 3

We don't find the eggs of garter snakes,rattlesnakes,and copperheads because they retain the eggs internally.Their young appear to be born alive,but actually "hatch" inside.These snakes are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) nulliparous 
B) viviparous 
C) oviparous 
D) ovoviviparous 
E) placentotrophic 
A) nulliparous 
B) viviparous 
C) oviparous 
D) ovoviviparous 
E) placentotrophic D

Question 4

Which of the following families contains venomous snakes?

Accepted Answer

A) Viperidae-pit vipers and Old World vipers 
B) Elapidae-mambas,coral snakes and kraits 
C) Hydrophiidae-sea snakes 
D) Colubridae-common snakes,a few poisonous species 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Viperidae-pit vipers and Old World vipers 
B) Elapidae-mambas,coral snakes and kraits 
C) Hydrophiidae-sea snakes 
D) Colubridae-common snakes,a few poisonous species 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 5

Discuss the circulatory system (both pulmonary and systemic circuits)of crocodilians.Why should crocodilians,with 4-chambered hearts be classified with the nonavian reptiles? Do they share this feature with birds as a homology or a secondarily evolved condition (an analogy)?

Accepted Answer

The circulatory system of crocodilians,

Question 6

Describe the advances of the amniotic egg of nonavian reptiles.Explain clearly why this is such a momentous evolutionary advance.

Accepted Answer

The amniotic egg of nonavian reptiles is

Question 7

Lecithotrophy and placentotrophy are strategies for

Accepted Answer

A) supplying nutrients in eggs before they are laid. 
B) determining the sex of offspring. 
C) incubating a nest of reptile eggs. 
D) providing nutrients to the developing young of viviparous and ovoviviparous reptiles. 
E) disposing of the placenta of newly born reptiles. 
A) supplying nutrients in eggs before they are laid. 
B) determining the sex of offspring. 
C) incubating a nest of reptile eggs. 
D) providing nutrients to the developing young of viviparous and ovoviviparous reptiles. 
E) disposing of the placenta of newly born reptiles.

Question 8

The anapsid skull is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) two pairs of openings separated by a bony arch. 
B) a single pair of openings and a bony arch. 
C) no temporal openings and the skull roofed with dermal bone. 
D) three pairs of openings to accommodate the nerves from an expanding sensory system. 
E) a beak-like process that associates the turtles and the birds. 
A) two pairs of openings separated by a bony arch. 
B) a single pair of openings and a bony arch. 
C) no temporal openings and the skull roofed with dermal bone. 
D) three pairs of openings to accommodate the nerves from an expanding sensory system. 
E) a beak-like process that associates the turtles and the birds.

Question 9

Discuss the origin and adaptive diversification of Reptilian groups.

Accepted Answer

The origin and adaptive diversification

Question 10

For reproduction,a sea turtle

Accepted Answer

A) reverts to amphibian strategies and lays eggs in the water. 
B) must return to shore to lay eggs on land. 
C) retains the eggs until they hatch,or is ovoviviparous. 
D) has resorted to full viviparity. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) reverts to amphibian strategies and lays eggs in the water. 
B) must return to shore to lay eggs on land. 
C) retains the eggs until they hatch,or is ovoviviparous. 
D) has resorted to full viviparity. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 11

Why should limbs be secondarily lost in so many lineages of nonavian reptiles?

Accepted Answer

The secondary loss of limbs in many line

Question 12

Draw and label a simple cladogram or phylogenetic tree and describe the traits turtles possess that are different from the other reptilian groups.

Accepted Answer

A cladogram or phylogenetic tree for rep

Question 13

When a snake flicks its tongue out to "taste" the air or my hand,it must return the tips of the tongue past the _____________ in the roof of its mouth to detect the "taste."

Accepted Answer

A) heat-sensitive pits 
B) kinetic skull 
C) parietal eye 
D) fangs 
E) Jacobson's organ 
A) heat-sensitive pits 
B) kinetic skull 
C) parietal eye 
D) fangs 
E) Jacobson's organ

Question 14

In turtles,the ribs are fused to the dorsal portion of the shell,called the _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In turtles,the ribs are fused to the...

Question 15

Describe the unique morphological characteristics of amphisbaenians and explain how these differ from snakes.

Accepted Answer

Amphisbaenians, also known as worm lizar

Question 16

When do lizards appear and radiate in the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A) Lizards appeared in the Permian and rapidly radiated to give rise to the dinosaurs that dominated the next time periods. 
B) Lizards appeared in the Jurassic but did not radiate until the Cretaceous when dinosaurs were near the end of their reign. 
C) Lizards appeared in the Jurassic as a branch of small dinosaurs and radiated rapidly in the Cretaceous. 
D) Lizards appeared in the Cretaceous and rapidly radiated. 
E) Snakes took to the surface in the Permian and gradual selection for limbs allowed lizards to radiate in the Triassic. 
A) Lizards appeared in the Permian and rapidly radiated to give rise to the dinosaurs that dominated the next time periods. 
B) Lizards appeared in the Jurassic but did not radiate until the Cretaceous when dinosaurs were near the end of their reign. 
C) Lizards appeared in the Jurassic as a branch of small dinosaurs and radiated rapidly in the Cretaceous. 
D) Lizards appeared in the Cretaceous and rapidly radiated. 
E) Snakes took to the surface in the Permian and gradual selection for limbs allowed lizards to radiate in the Triassic.

Question 17

Rather than urea or ammonia,the nitrogenous wastes of reptiles are excreted as ______ ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rather than urea or ammonia,the nitrogenous wastes...

Question 18

Lizards and snakes are closely related;there are a number of poisonous snakes.How common are venomous lizards?

Accepted Answer

A) Many venomous tropical species exist. 
B) No lizards are venomous. 
C) All lizards are at least a little poisonous but only the big ones have enough venom to be worrisome. 
D) They are uncommon: In North America,the Gila Monster and Mexican Beaded lizards are the only lizards venomous to humans. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) Many venomous tropical species exist. 
B) No lizards are venomous. 
C) All lizards are at least a little poisonous but only the big ones have enough venom to be worrisome. 
D) They are uncommon: In North America,the Gila Monster and Mexican Beaded lizards are the only lizards venomous to humans. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 19

In the nonavian reptilian egg,the embryo is bathed in a fluid contained within an extra-embryonic membrane called the __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the nonavian reptilian egg,the embryo is...

Question 20

Which list below includes the four monophyletic nonavian reptilian groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Dinosaurs,modern reptiles,birds,and mammals 
B) Turtles,crocodilians,lizards,and snakes 
C) Dinosaurs,turtles,squamates,and crocodilians 
D) Turtles,crocodilians,squamates,and tuataras 
E) Dinosaurs,tuataras,crocodilians,and all other modern reptiles 
A) Dinosaurs,modern reptiles,birds,and mammals 
B) Turtles,crocodilians,lizards,and snakes 
C) Dinosaurs,turtles,squamates,and crocodilians 
D) Turtles,crocodilians,squamates,and tuataras 
E) Dinosaurs,tuataras,crocodilians,and all other modern reptiles

Exam 26: Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Which describes viviparity in living reptiles?

The tuatara

We don't find the eggs of garter snakes,rattlesnakes,and copperheads because they retain the eggs internally.Their young appear to be born alive,but actually "hatch" inside.These snakes are _____.

Which of the following families contains venomous snakes?

Discuss the circulatory system (both pulmonary and systemic circuits)of crocodilians.Why should crocodilians,with 4-chambered hearts be classified with the nonavian reptiles? Do they share this feature with birds as a homology or a secondarily evolved condition (an analogy)?

Describe the advances of the amniotic egg of nonavian reptiles.Explain clearly why this is such a momentous evolutionary advance.

Lecithotrophy and placentotrophy are strategies for

The anapsid skull is characterized by

Discuss the origin and adaptive diversification of Reptilian groups.

For reproduction,a sea turtle

Why should limbs be secondarily lost in so many lineages of nonavian reptiles?

Draw and label a simple cladogram or phylogenetic tree and describe the traits turtles possess that are different from the other reptilian groups.

When a snake flicks its tongue out to "taste" the air or my hand,it must return the tips of the tongue past the _____________ in the roof of its mouth to detect the "taste."

In turtles,the ribs are fused to the dorsal portion of the shell,called the _________.

Describe the unique morphological characteristics of amphisbaenians and explain how these differ from snakes.

When do lizards appear and radiate in the fossil record?

Rather than urea or ammonia,the nitrogenous wastes of reptiles are excreted as ______ ______.

Lizards and snakes are closely related;there are a number of poisonous snakes.How common are venomous lizards?

In the nonavian reptilian egg,the embryo is bathed in a fluid contained within an extra-embryonic membrane called the __________________.

Which list below includes the four monophyletic nonavian reptilian groups?

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters

Rather than urea or ammonia,the nitrogenous wastes of reptiles are excreted as .