Question 1

Discuss the molecular evidence that has allowed protozoologists to completely revise our concepts of unicellular eukaryote phylogeny.

Accepted Answer

The molecular evidence that has allowed protozoologists to completely revise our concepts of unicellular eukaryote phylogeny comes from the study of genetic material, particularly DNA and RNA sequences. By comparing the genetic sequences of different protozoa, researchers have been able to uncover the evolutionary relationships between these organisms and revise our understanding of their phylogeny.

One of the key pieces of evidence comes from the comparison of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene has been particularly useful in reconstructing the evolutionary history of unicellular eukaryotes. By comparing the SSU rRNA sequences of different protozoa, researchers have been able to identify common ancestry and determine the evolutionary relationships between different groups of unicellular eukaryotes.

In addition to rRNA sequences, other molecular markers such as protein-coding genes and mitochondrial DNA have also provided valuable insights into the phylogeny of protozoa. These molecular data have allowed protozoologists to construct more accurate phylogenetic trees and revise our concepts of unicellular eukaryote phylogeny.

Overall, the molecular evidence has provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of the evolutionary relationships between different groups of unicellular eukaryotes. This has led to a complete revision of our concepts of protozoan phylogeny, allowing for a more accurate classification and understanding of these diverse and important organisms.

Question 2

Protective cysts are triggered by

Accepted Answer

A) food shortages. 
B) drying out. 
C) decreased oxygen. 
D) merely being the next stage in a regular life cycle. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) food shortages. 
B) drying out. 
C) decreased oxygen. 
D) merely being the next stage in a regular life cycle. 
E) all of the choices are correct. E

Question 3

Which unicellular eukaryote is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement structure it possesses?

Accepted Answer

A) Amoeboids-pseudopodia 
B) Ciliates-cilia 
C) Dinoflagellates-flagella 
D) Paramecium-flexibility of the pellicle 
E) Apicomplexa-reticulopodia 
A) Amoeboids-pseudopodia 
B) Ciliates-cilia 
C) Dinoflagellates-flagella 
D) Paramecium-flexibility of the pellicle 
E) Apicomplexa-reticulopodia E

Question 4

What is found at the base of every flagellum or cilium?

Accepted Answer

A) a kinetosome 
B) a kinetid 
C) an axopod 
D) a kinetoplast 
E) a lobopod 
A) a kinetosome 
B) a kinetid 
C) an axopod 
D) a kinetoplast 
E) a lobopod

Question 5

Nutrition in unicellular eukaryotes is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) autotrophic. 
B) heterotrophic. 
C) saprozoic. 
D) All of the choices is correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) autotrophic. 
B) heterotrophic. 
C) saprozoic. 
D) All of the choices is correct. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 6

"Red tides" are caused by massive blooms of

Accepted Answer

A) sporozoans. 
B) dinoflagellates. 
C) Euglena. 
D) ciliates. 
E) Plasmodia. 
A) sporozoans. 
B) dinoflagellates. 
C) Euglena. 
D) ciliates. 
E) Plasmodia.

Question 7

A Paramecium "knows" when it has encountered a noxious substance and backs off to veer away.As a one-celled organism,how does it "know" to do this?

Accepted Answer

A) The macronucleus has DNA coding that determines this reaction. 
B) The micronucleus is dedicated to controlling just such responses. 
C) This cell is essentially a small neuron,or nerve cell. 
D) This is a rather simple stimulus that changes the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane and depolarization of the membrane results in cilia reversing their direction of beating. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) The macronucleus has DNA coding that determines this reaction. 
B) The micronucleus is dedicated to controlling just such responses. 
C) This cell is essentially a small neuron,or nerve cell. 
D) This is a rather simple stimulus that changes the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane and depolarization of the membrane results in cilia reversing their direction of beating. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 8

The strange case of organisms that undergo meiosis to produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote internally without leaving the organism is a process called

Accepted Answer

A) syngamy. 
B) zygotic meiosis. 
C) gametic meiosis. 
D) autogamy. 
E) conjugation. 
A) syngamy. 
B) zygotic meiosis. 
C) gametic meiosis. 
D) autogamy. 
E) conjugation.

Question 9

Ectoplasm

Accepted Answer

A) provides the vital force of life. 
B) is cytoplasm that is outside the cell membrane of protozoans. 
C) is only found in parasitic amebas. 
D) is only found in spores of parasitic protozoans. 
E) contrasts with endoplasm;both ectoplasm and endoplasm are cytoplasmic components. 
A) provides the vital force of life. 
B) is cytoplasm that is outside the cell membrane of protozoans. 
C) is only found in parasitic amebas. 
D) is only found in spores of parasitic protozoans. 
E) contrasts with endoplasm;both ectoplasm and endoplasm are cytoplasmic components.

Question 10

Which structure is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement or podial function?

Accepted Answer

A) Axoneme-actin-binding protein that keeps ectoplasm from gelling 
B) Axopodia-thin rods of microtubules 
C) Lobopodia-flow of both endoplasm and ectoplasm 
D) Filopodia-thin extensions of only ectoplasm 
E) Reticulopodia-a thin net-like mesh 
A) Axoneme-actin-binding protein that keeps ectoplasm from gelling 
B) Axopodia-thin rods of microtubules 
C) Lobopodia-flow of both endoplasm and ectoplasm 
D) Filopodia-thin extensions of only ectoplasm 
E) Reticulopodia-a thin net-like mesh

Question 11

Perhaps half of the U.S.population is infected with this organism that normally resides in tissue cysts containing bradyozoites;embryos of pregnant women are also at risk.

Accepted Answer

A) Amoeba proteus 
B) Plasmodium vivax 
C) Toxoplasma gondii 
D) Trypanosoma cruzi 
E) Entamoeba histolytica 
A) Amoeba proteus 
B) Plasmodium vivax 
C) Toxoplasma gondii 
D) Trypanosoma cruzi 
E) Entamoeba histolytica

Question 12

Which protozoan group has a complicated parasitic life cycle that nearly always involves the production of infective spores?

Accepted Answer

A) Apicomplexans 
B) Zooflagellates 
C) Sarcodines 
D) Rhizopods 
E) Ciliates 
A) Apicomplexans 
B) Zooflagellates 
C) Sarcodines 
D) Rhizopods 
E) Ciliates

Question 13

Which of the following represents the arrangement of microtubules in axonemes of cilia?

Accepted Answer

A) nine peripheral triplets of microtubules 
B) nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus one central pair 
C) nine peripheral triplets of microtubules plus one central pair 
D) nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus two central pairs 
E) three peripheral pairs of microtubules and no central pairs 
A) nine peripheral triplets of microtubules 
B) nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus one central pair 
C) nine peripheral triplets of microtubules plus one central pair 
D) nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus two central pairs 
E) three peripheral pairs of microtubules and no central pairs

Question 14

Giardia lamblia causes

Accepted Answer

A) malaria in both humans and birds;is carried by mosquitoes. 
B) dysentery and intestinal ailments;is found in contaminated water. 
C) African sleeping sickness;is carried by the tsetse fly. 
D) birth defects;is caused by mosquitos. 
E) Toxoplasmosis;contracted from cats. 
A) malaria in both humans and birds;is carried by mosquitoes. 
B) dysentery and intestinal ailments;is found in contaminated water. 
C) African sleeping sickness;is carried by the tsetse fly. 
D) birth defects;is caused by mosquitos. 
E) Toxoplasmosis;contracted from cats.

Question 15

Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan species with the scientific name __________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

Entamoeba

Question 16

The ciliate group of protists would include

Accepted Answer

A) Amoeba proteus. 
B) Plasmodium vivax. 
C) Toxoplasma gondii. 
D) Entamoeba histolytica. 
E) Paramecium caudatum. 
A) Amoeba proteus. 
B) Plasmodium vivax. 
C) Toxoplasma gondii. 
D) Entamoeba histolytica. 
E) Paramecium caudatum.

Question 17

A sporozoan parasite of cats that can cause birth defects in humans is called _________ ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sporozoan parasite of cats that can...

Question 18

Members of Euglena have starch-like food storage material in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) stigmata. 
B) chloroplasts. 
C) paramylon bodies. 
D) flagellar bodies. 
E) kinetosomes. 
A) stigmata. 
B) chloroplasts. 
C) paramylon bodies. 
D) flagellar bodies. 
E) kinetosomes.

Question 19

When the haploid cells or pronuclei are borne in equal-sized cells that look alike,they are called

Accepted Answer

A) anisogametes. 
B) syngametes. 
C) autogametes. 
D) unigametes. 
E) isogametes. 
A) anisogametes. 
B) syngametes. 
C) autogametes. 
D) unigametes. 
E) isogametes.

Question 20

Which organelle was once an independent aerobic prokaryote engulfed by an anaerobic prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) mitochondrion 
C) plastid 
D) ribosome 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) nucleus 
B) mitochondrion 
C) plastid 
D) ribosome 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Exam 11: Unicellular Eukaryotes

Discuss the molecular evidence that has allowed protozoologists to completely revise our concepts of unicellular eukaryote phylogeny.

Protective cysts are triggered by

Which unicellular eukaryote is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement structure it possesses?

What is found at the base of every flagellum or cilium?

Nutrition in unicellular eukaryotes is best described as

"Red tides" are caused by massive blooms of

A Paramecium "knows" when it has encountered a noxious substance and backs off to veer away.As a one-celled organism,how does it "know" to do this?

The strange case of organisms that undergo meiosis to produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote internally without leaving the organism is a process called

Ectoplasm

Which structure is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement or podial function?

Perhaps half of the U.S.population is infected with this organism that normally resides in tissue cysts containing bradyozoites;embryos of pregnant women are also at risk.

Which protozoan group has a complicated parasitic life cycle that nearly always involves the production of infective spores?

Which of the following represents the arrangement of microtubules in axonemes of cilia?

Giardia lamblia causes

Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan species with the scientific name __________ ___________.

The ciliate group of protists would include

A sporozoan parasite of cats that can cause birth defects in humans is called _________ ________.

Members of Euglena have starch-like food storage material in the form of

When the haploid cells or pronuclei are borne in equal-sized cells that look alike,they are called

Which organelle was once an independent aerobic prokaryote engulfed by an anaerobic prokaryote?

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

Filters

Amebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan species with the scientific name _.

A sporozoan parasite of cats that can cause birth defects in humans is called _ .