Question 1

Describe the structure and function of a ribosome,and describe how they differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They are composed of two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit, which come together to form a functional ribosome. The small subunit is responsible for reading the mRNA (messenger RNA) and the large subunit is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to create a protein.

In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are smaller in size (70S) and are composed of a 30S small subunit and a 50S large subunit. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger (80S) and are composed of a 40S small subunit and a 60S large subunit. This difference in size and composition allows for the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial ribosomes without affecting eukaryotic ribosomes.

Overall, the structure and function of ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in all cells, but there are differences in size and composition between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 2

If a fish is placed in an isotonic solution,which will occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Salts will move into the fish from the surrounding solution 
B) Water will move into the fish from the surrounding solution 
C) Salts will move out of the fish into the surrounding solution 
D) Water will move out of the fish into the surrounding solution 
E) None of the choices will occur 
A) Salts will move into the fish from the surrounding solution 
B) Water will move into the fish from the surrounding solution 
C) Salts will move out of the fish into the surrounding solution 
D) Water will move out of the fish into the surrounding solution 
E) None of the choices will occur E

Question 3

Cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins are most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining interphase. 
B) regulating the cell cycle. 
C) cytokinesis. 
D) programmed cell death. 
A) maintaining interphase. 
B) regulating the cell cycle. 
C) cytokinesis. 
D) programmed cell death. B

Question 4

Phospholipids in a plasma membrane are oriented such that the water-soluble or _________ ends face outside and the fat-soluble or hydrophobic ends face inward.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phospholipids in a plasma membrane are oriented...

Question 5

Biologists label various carbohydrates,fats and amino acids with radio-isotopes,place them in a cell culture,and allow time for cell metabolism.Then by disrupting cells in a blender and separating out various cell organelles,they find the radioactive molecules can be detected as part of various cellular compounds although visible cell structures appear unchanged.Therefore

Accepted Answer

A) these "food" molecules are used only for energy. 
B) most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. 
C) molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles. 
D) radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells. 
A) these "food" molecules are used only for energy. 
B) most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt. 
C) molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell organelles. 
D) radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.

Question 6

Which is the best definition of active transport?

Accepted Answer

A) Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration 
B) Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration 
C) Movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration 
D) Movement of a substance against its concentration with the energy released from ATP 
A) Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration 
B) Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration 
C) Movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration 
D) Movement of a substance against its concentration with the energy released from ATP

Question 7

Dermal stem cells divide,with some cells continuing the stem cell line and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed off.In the bone marrow,other stem cells produce cells such as the red blood cells that lose their nucleus and function for a short time before they too die.These cells that reproduce no further

Accepted Answer

A) leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase,which immediately follows telophase. 
B) leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase,which immediately follows G2. 
C) halt in the midst of the S phase. 
D) continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis. 
A) leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase,which immediately follows telophase. 
B) leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase,which immediately follows G2. 
C) halt in the midst of the S phase. 
D) continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis.

Question 8

Pinocytosis involves invaginated units called ________ that contain concentrations of specific binding receptors on their surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pinocytosis involves invaginated units called ________ that...

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Both must provide for transfer of genetic information 
B) Both must have some individuals that reproduce 
C) Both must separate their interior world from the external world 
D) All of the choices are correct 
A) Both must provide for transfer of genetic information 
B) Both must have some individuals that reproduce 
C) Both must separate their interior world from the external world 
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 10

Technically,osmosis is

Accepted Answer

A) movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration. 
B) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration. 
C) movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration. 
D) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low water concentration to higher water concentration. 
E) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP. 
A) movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration. 
B) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration. 
C) movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration. 
D) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low water concentration to higher water concentration. 
E) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.

Question 11

A high-powered microscope that produces a surface image from scattered secondary electrons is the

Accepted Answer

A) brightfield light microscope. 
B) transmission electron microscope (TEM). 
C) scanning electron microscope (SEM). 
D) confocal microscope. 
A) brightfield light microscope. 
B) transmission electron microscope (TEM). 
C) scanning electron microscope (SEM). 
D) confocal microscope.

Question 12

Which element is NOT correctly associated below?

Accepted Answer

A) Cilia have 9 pair of microtubules surrounding a central pair 
B) Microtubules are made up of a protein called tubulin 
C) Pseudopodia stream without the involvement of any microfilaments 
D) Centrioles have a microtubule structure 
A) Cilia have 9 pair of microtubules surrounding a central pair 
B) Microtubules are made up of a protein called tubulin 
C) Pseudopodia stream without the involvement of any microfilaments 
D) Centrioles have a microtubule structure

Question 13

The best definition of diffusion is

Accepted Answer

A) movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration. 
B) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration. 
C) movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration. 
D) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP. 
A) movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration. 
B) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high water concentration to lower water concentration. 
C) movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration. 
D) movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP.

Question 14

Which does NOT occur in telophase?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytokinesis is underway 
B) Nuclear envelope is reconstructed 
C) Centromeres split apart 
D) Chromosomes decondense into chromatin 
A) Cytokinesis is underway 
B) Nuclear envelope is reconstructed 
C) Centromeres split apart 
D) Chromosomes decondense into chromatin

Question 15

Major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include

Accepted Answer

A) regulating molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell. 
B) recognizing and communicating between different cells and tissues. 
C) maintaining connections between adjacent cells. 
D) producing proteins used in construction of the cell. 
A) regulating molecules and ions that pass into and out of the cell. 
B) recognizing and communicating between different cells and tissues. 
C) maintaining connections between adjacent cells. 
D) producing proteins used in construction of the cell.

Question 16

Which is true concerning the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

A) It consists of a stack of membranous vesicles 
B) Golgi complexes in animal cells have a forming face and a maturing face 
C) Lysosomes are enzyme-filled vesicles that bud from the Golgi complex 
D) All of the choices are correct 
A) It consists of a stack of membranous vesicles 
B) Golgi complexes in animal cells have a forming face and a maturing face 
C) Lysosomes are enzyme-filled vesicles that bud from the Golgi complex 
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 17

In most animal cells,the majority of the cell cycle is spent in

Accepted Answer

A) metaphase. 
B) anaphase. 
C) interphase. 
D) prophase. 
A) metaphase. 
B) anaphase. 
C) interphase. 
D) prophase.

Question 18

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) S,G1,G2 
B) G2,S,G1 
C) G1,S,G2 
D) G1,G2,S 
A) S,G1,G2 
B) G2,S,G1 
C) G1,S,G2 
D) G1,G2,S

Question 19

The Dutch microscopist who sent letters to the Royal Society of London describing his many detailed observations of life,including units later known to be cells,was

Accepted Answer

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek. 
B) Robert Hooke. 
C) Matthias Schleiden. 
D) J.Purkinje. 
A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek. 
B) Robert Hooke. 
C) Matthias Schleiden. 
D) J.Purkinje.

Question 20

Movement is not only a feature of animal cells but of all eukaryotic cells.Which of the following are involved in a cell's ability to move?

Accepted Answer

A) Microtubules 
B) Microfilaments 
C) Actin and myosin 
D) All of the choices are correct 
A) Microtubules 
B) Microfilaments 
C) Actin and myosin 
D) All of the choices are correct

Exam 3: Cells As Units of Life

Describe the structure and function of a ribosome,and describe how they differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

If a fish is placed in an isotonic solution,which will occur?

Cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins are most closely associated with

Phospholipids in a plasma membrane are oriented such that the water-soluble or _________ ends face outside and the fat-soluble or hydrophobic ends face inward.

Which is the best definition of active transport?

Pinocytosis involves invaginated units called ________ that contain concentrations of specific binding receptors on their surface.

Which of the following is a correct statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Technically,osmosis is

A high-powered microscope that produces a surface image from scattered secondary electrons is the

Which element is NOT correctly associated below?

The best definition of diffusion is

Which does NOT occur in telophase?

Major functions of the plasma membrane do NOT include

Which is true concerning the Golgi complex?

In most animal cells,the majority of the cell cycle is spent in

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

The Dutch microscopist who sent letters to the Royal Society of London describing his many detailed observations of life,including units later known to be cells,was

Movement is not only a feature of animal cells but of all eukaryotic cells.Which of the following are involved in a cell's ability to move?

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Hexapods

Chaetognaths, echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distribution

Animal Ecology

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